Plant and land use of Early Iron Age societies in the boreal zone of the mid-Kama region and its environmental impact

卡马中部地区北方地区早期铁器时代社会的植物和土地利用及其环境影响

• 批准号: 462653676
• 负责人: Dr. Lyudmila Shumilovskikh
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Palynologie und Klimadynamik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/462653676?language=en
• 关键词: Plant; land; use; Early; Iron

Climate and other environmental changes trigger cultural transformation together with political and socio-economical causes. This human-environment interplay is particularly strong at environmental limits of human existence, characterized by harsh climate conditions. An exceptional example of human-environment interactions is provided by the Early Iron Age (EIA) societies in the boreal zone of the mid-Kama region of the European pre-Urals between 8th century BCE and 5th-6th century AD. Archaeologists suggest two hypotheses explaining the development of the EIA populations here: (i) amelioration of environmental conditions within the Roman climatic optimum led to a rapid development of the economy and population of the EIA cultures in the mid-Kama region after the 3rd century BCE leading to a transformation of the Ananyino to Glyadenovo culture; (ii) climate cooling starting in the 4th-5th century AD led to a lower biological productivity, provoking competition for meadows and arable land and finally an exodus from the territory of the mid-Kama, leading to the appearance of two new cultures: Lomovatovo and Nevolino. I aim to test these hypotheses using palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. In order to reach this aim, I plan to reconstruct plant and land use of the EIA societies inhabiting mid-Kama region and their impact on the vegetation and landscape. The research will be carried out using on-site and off-site radiocarbon-dated archives. The multi-proxy analysis will combine traditional (palynology, loss-on-ignition, archaeobotany, anthracology, wood anatomy studies) and innovative methods (non-pollen palynomorph analysis, macrocharcoal analysis, isotope studies). Based on pollen data, land cover reconstructions will be carried out using current models REVEALS, LOVE and the Multiple Scenario Approach. In addition the best modern analogue technique will be applied to estimate climate and forest cover change. The obtained data will be evaluated with respect to the research hypotheses. By the end of the project, we will have reconstructed the plant and land use of the EIA cultures over time, evaluated human-environment interactions and the role of climate change in human migration processes. The results will contribute to our understanding of the subsistence economy of EIA populations in the boreal zone and their impact on the environment.

气候和其他环境变化引发了文化转型以及政治和社会经济原因。这种人类与环境的相互作用在人类生存的环境限制下特别强烈，其特点是恶劣的气候条件。公元前8世纪至公元5 - 6世纪，欧洲前乌拉尔山脉中部卡马地区的早期铁器时代（EIA）社会提供了人类与环境相互作用的一个特殊例子。考古学家提出了两个假设来解释这里EIA人口的发展：（i）公元前世纪后，罗马气候最佳环境条件的改善导致了卡马地区EIA文化的经济和人口的快速发展，导致了Ananyino文化向Glyadenovo文化的转变;（ii）公元4 - 5世纪开始的气候变冷导致生物生产力降低，引发了对草地和耕地的竞争，最终导致了卡马中部地区的人口外流，导致了两种新文化的出现：Lomovatovo和Nevolino。我的目标是用古环境重建来检验这些假设。为了实现这一目标，我计划重建居住在卡马中部地区的EIA社会的植物和土地使用及其对植被和景观的影响。将利用现场和场外放射性碳年代测定档案进行研究。多重代用指标分析将结合联合收割机传统方法（孢粉学、烧失量、古植物学、炭学、木材解剖学研究）和创新方法（非花粉孢粉分析、巨炭分析、同位素研究）。根据花粉数据，将使用当前的模型REVEALS、LOVE和多情景方法进行土地覆盖重建。此外，将采用最佳现代模拟技术来估计气候和森林覆盖的变化。将根据研究假设对获得的数据进行评估。到项目结束时，我们将随着时间的推移重建EIA文化的植物和土地使用，评估人类与环境的相互作用以及气候变化在人类迁移过程中的作用。研究结果将有助于我们了解北方地区EIA人口的生计经济及其对环境的影响。