Children's awareness of psychosomatic phenomena

儿童对心身现象的认识

• 批准号: 15530435
• 负责人: TOYAMA Noriko
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: Tsuda College
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530435/
• 关键词: Cognitive Development; Conceptual Formation; Naive Theory; Biological Thought; Domain Knowledge; Mother-toddler Interaction; 領域理論; 母子相互作用; 素朴生物学; 心身相関; 幼児; 幼小連携; 発達心理学; 心理学

Nine studies examined children's awareness of psychosomatic phenomena.In Studies 1 and 2, one-hundred fifty-six children in 5-, 6-, 8-, and 11-year old groups, and fifty adults, were asked about the possibility of psychogenic bodily reactions as bodily ailments with origins in the mind. Young children typically denied that bodily conditions could originate in mental states.Studies 3 and 4 investigated Japanese adults' beliefs of psychosomatic phenomena. Thirty undergraduate students gave explanations for why mental states lead to bodily outcomes. These adults did not demonstrate a detailed and specific explanatory framework for psychogenic bodily reactions. Their explanations were based on two ideas, first that the mind and body are mutually related. The second idea was that mind and body exchange some unspecified energy (vital-force or stress) in the body or environment.Studies 5, 6, and 7 consisted of interviews with 101 children in preschool through fifth grade, and 42 adults, and showed that even young children noticed that taking in physical energy is good for physical and mental health, although they tended to believe they could totally control emotions by intention. Young children's difficulties in understanding psychosomatic phenomena may have involved their incorporating the mind into a bio-mechanical model of causation.Finally, in Studies 8 and 9, the role of experiences and social information on children's awareness was examined. Study 8 demonstrated that children's awareness did not depend on their previous experiences of psychosomatic diseases. Mothers in Study 9 seldom gave causal explanations for psychogenic bodily reactions.Based on these results, we cannot conclude that preschoolers have clear awareness of the mutuality of mind-body relations. But children do seem to have some primitive conceptual abilities for understanding phenomena that cross biology and psvcholoav.

9项研究调查了儿童对身心现象的意识，在研究1和2中，分别有100名五十六名5岁、6岁、8岁和11岁的儿童和50名成年人被问及心因性身体反应作为身体疾病起源于心灵的可能性。研究3和研究4调查了日本成年人对心身现象的看法。30名本科生解释了为什么精神状态会导致身体状况。这些成年人没有表现出详细和具体的解释框架心因性身体反应。他们的解释是基于两个想法，第一，心灵和身体是相互关联的。第二个观点是，心灵和身体交换一些未指明的能量研究5、6和7对101名学龄前至五年级的儿童和42名成年人进行了采访，结果表明，即使是年幼的儿童也注意到摄入身体能量对身心健康有益，尽管他们倾向于相信他们可以通过意图完全控制情绪。幼儿在理解身心现象方面的困难可能涉及他们将心灵纳入因果关系的生物力学模型。最后，在研究8和9中，研究了经验和社会信息对儿童意识的作用。研究8表明，儿童的意识并不依赖于他们以前的经验，心身疾病。研究9中的母亲很少对心因性身体反应给出因果解释，基于这些结果，我们不能得出学龄前儿童对身心关系的相互性有明确认识的结论。但儿童似乎确实有一些原始的概念能力，可以理解生物学和psvcholoav交叉的现象。