权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Information processing for unattended stimulus.

无人值守刺激的信息处理。

基本信息

批准号：
15530467
负责人：
KIKUCHI Tadashi
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to maintain a coherent behavior, we need to select some stimuli and ignore the others. However, sometimes the stimulus that should be ignored seems to influence the processing of the stimulus selected The aim of this study is to examine the nature of selective attention by focusing on the processing of unattended stimulus.In the first year, we used Stroop-like task to examine visual selective attention. In Stroop-like task, participants were asked to name the ink of the central color patch (target) while ignoring the color word (distracor) presented at the peripheral visual field. Reaction time for naming the ink of target would be faster when target is congruent with peripheral word than when target is incongruent with peripheral word. This effect is called Stroop-like effect and is supposed to be a good indicator of semantic processing of unattended stimulus. In this study, we manipulated processing demand to find the conditions under which Stroop-like effect disappeared. Ou … More r experiments showed that Stroop-like effect disappeared only when multiple stimuli similar to target were presented around the target. Other manipulations such as go/no go task did not extinguish the effect and sometimes produced a reversal Stroop-like effect. These results suggested that visual selective attention had a limitation in number of stimuli to process simultaneously. When the processing demand of task is low, distractor stimuli are processed to semantic level, resulting in interference. When the demand of task is high enough, distracor stimulus is not processed because of lack of available processing resources.In the second year, we examined the effect of a video image of a person speaking words on selective listening task. In selective listening task, target and distractor words are presented form two loudspeakers, and participants are asked to report the target words while ignoring the distractor words. In this study, we presented the video image of a person speaking a target words or distractor words as well as the target and distractor words form different loudspeakers. Selective listening of target words was improved when the video speaking target words was displayed, as compared with when the video of the person's mouth masked was displayed. When the video speaking distractor words was displayed, selective listening of the first target word was improved, but the performance of the other target words was deteriorated, as compared with when the video image with the masked mouth was displayed. These results showed that the visual image of a person speaking target words helped to distinguish target and distractor words and to follow the target list. The visual image of a person speaking distractor words helped to distinguish target and distractor words at first, but did not help to follow the target list. Probably visual attention to the movement of person's mouth congruent with distractor words induced to sound relocation due to ventriloquism.In addition to these studies, we attempted to examine the processing of unattended stimulus in other paradigms such as binocular rivalry, enumeration of affectively valenced words. Less

为了保持连贯的行为，我们需要选择一些刺激而忽略其他刺激。本研究的目的是通过对未被注意的刺激的加工来考察选择性注意的本质。在Stroop类任务中，被试被要求命名中心色块（目标）的墨水，而忽略周边视野呈现的颜色词（干扰词）。当目标与周边词一致时，命名目标墨迹的反应时比目标与周边词不一致时快。这种效应被称为类Stroop效应，被认为是一个很好的指示剂的语义加工的无人看管的刺激。在本研究中，我们操纵加工需求，以寻找Stroop样效应消失的条件。欧 ...更多信息 r实验表明，只有当目标周围出现多个与目标相似的刺激时，Stroop效应才消失。其他操作，如去/不去任务没有消除的影响，有时产生逆转Stroop样的效果。这些结果表明，视觉选择性注意同时处理的刺激数量有限。当任务的加工要求较低时，干扰刺激被加工到语义水平，产生干扰。当任务要求足够高时，由于缺乏可用的加工资源，干扰刺激不能被加工。第二年，我们考察了一个人说话的视频图像对选择性听力任务的影响。在选择性听力任务中，目标词和干扰词分别从两个扬声器中呈现，被试被要求报告目标词而忽略干扰词。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个人说的目标词或干扰词，以及目标和干扰词从不同的扬声器的视频图像。当显示视频说话目标词时，与当显示人的嘴被掩蔽的视频时相比，改善了目标词的选择性收听。当显示视频说话干扰词时，与显示具有掩蔽嘴的视频图像时相比，第一目标词的选择性收听得到改善，但是其他目标词的性能恶化。这些结果表明，一个人说目标词的视觉图像有助于区分目标词和干扰词，并遵循目标列表。一个人说干扰词的视觉图像最初有助于区分目标词和干扰词，但无助于遵循目标列表。可能是视觉注意到的人的嘴的运动一致的干扰词引起的声音搬迁由于ventriloquis. Although这些研究，我们试图研究在其他范式，如双眼竞争，枚举的情感价的话无人看管的刺激的加工。少