Measurement of spatial attention in visual information processing.

这个项目计划测量视觉中的注意力。它有四个目的：A)注意特定特征的效应；B)选择性加工的时间特征；C)测量大视野中注意的空间分布；D)注意测量的诊断应用。对于目的A，采用探针识别方法。红色或绿色的字母在一个8 × 8的网格矩阵中被简单地呈现出来，然后是一个探针点。受试者被指示注意指定的颜色字母，并在探针位置报告该字母。在每个矩阵单元的识别分数的基础上，估计了有人值守和无人值守字母的注意分布。估计其呈锥形分布，但在高度和程度上均大于无人分布。在目的C中，简单呈现小目标t -纹理嵌入大背景ls -纹理的大纹理刺激，然后被试检测目标并回忆其位置。背景中目标t或背景中目标t在外围比在中心区域更容易被检测到，这表明注意力的空间分布呈环状。目的B和D采用快速连续视觉呈现任务（RSVP任务）。在同一位置快速呈现15个刺激物的列表。列表中的每个刺激由9个片假名字母组成，排列成3 × 3。受试者报告一个红色的目标字母嵌在绿色的干扰字母中。通过分析报告字母的原始位置，考察了选择性加工的时间特征。采用汉字RSVP任务对精神分裂症进行诊断应用。研究了靶定位频率与疾病性质的关系。

This project is planned to measure attention in vision. It has four purposes : A) effect of attending to a specific feature, B) temporal characteristics of selective processing, C) measuring spatial distribution of attention in large visual field, and D) diagnostic application of attention measurement.As for purpose A,a probe recognition method was used. Red or green letters in a 8 x 8 grid matrix were briefly presented, then followed by a probe dot. Subjects were instructed to attend to the specified color letters, and to report the letter at the probe position. The distributions of attention for both attended and unattended letters were estimated on the basis of recognition scores at each matrix cell. Cone-shaped distribution was estimated, but attended distribution was larger than unattended one in both height and extent. As for purpose C,a large texture stimulus such as a small target Ts-texture embedded in a large background Ls-texture were briefly presented, then subjects detected the target and recalled its position. The target Ts in the background Ls or vice versa were detected better in the periphery than in the central area, suggesting a ring-like spatial distribution of attention. For purpose B and D,a rapid serial visual presentation task (an RSVP task) was used. A list of 15 stimuli was rapidly presented in the same position. Each stimulus in the list consisted of 9 Katakana letters arranged in 3 x 3. Subjects reported a red target letter embedded in green distractor letters. Temporal characteristics of selective processing was examined by analyzing the original positions of the reported letters. Kanji RSVP task was administered to schizophrenia for diagnostic application. Relationship between frequency of target localization and the nature of illness was examined.