A Study on the Formative Process of the Residential Environment in Marginal Areas of Tokyo in the Modern Ages

首先，从战前棚户区发展的角度，以荒川区为例，对近代东京边缘地区居住环境的形成过程进行了综合分析。现代荒川区居民区是在明治时代以后大量大型植物的发展和关东大地震后人口的大量涌入的推动下，随着聚落周围耕地的开发而迅速形成的。利用1939年荒川区火灾保险图对荒川区的空间构成进行详细恢复时，证明了荒川区在街区格局、街道(胡同)格局和建筑类型等方面存在典型的地方差异。认为这种人居环境差异是由城镇化前边缘地区先行的空间条件形成的。并从以下四个角度考察了其具体形成过程：(1)将旧第一公馆重新开发为新海一(新开放土地)；(2)通过各种城市规划对旧耕地区域进行土地重新分配；(3)改善有缺陷的居民区；(4)旧聚居区出租房屋的管理。此外，将这些特点与城市中心的日本桥和恭桥地区进行了比较，并阐明了由马赛克形状的城市结构构成的东京边缘地区形成过程的历史特征。

Firstly the synthetic analysis for Arakawa-ku as a case was added about the formative process of the residential environment in marginal areas of Tokyo in the modern ages from the viewpoint of the development of the tenement house districts of the prewar term. The modern residential sections of Arakawa-ku were formed rapidly, with developing the cultivated field which had existed around the settlements, by the advancement of a lot of large plants after Meiji Era and the population inflow after Kanto great earthquake disaster in 1923.It is proved that there were the typical local differences in the block patterns, street (alley) patterns and building types when that spatial composition is restored in detail by use of the fire insurance map of Arakawa-ku in 1939. It considers that such differences in the residential environment were formed by the preceding spatial conditions of marginal area before urbanization. And was examined the concrete formative process from four viewpoints as follows.(1)Redevelopment of the old Daimyo residence as Shinkaichi (newly-opened land)(2)Land reallocation of the old cultivated field area by various city planning(3)Improvement of the defective residential sections(4)Management of rented houses in the old settlement areaMoreover, those characteristics are compared with Nihonbashi and Kyobashi area in the central part of the city, and clarified the historical characters of the formative process in marginal areas of Tokyo which composed by the mosaic-shaped urban fabric.