Effect of Helicobacter heilmannii infection on gastric parietal cell and stem cell

海尔曼螺杆菌是一种人畜共患病，可在人和哺乳动物胃内定植，但其病理学意义仍存在争议。许多报告显示对胃泌素水平缺乏影响，而这种杆菌在胃底区的定位仍有待澄清。本研究旨在观察类海氏螺杆菌（Helicobacterheilmanni-like organism，HHLO）在胃底和胃窦区的定位及其对壁细胞泌酸功能的影响。用抗幽门螺杆菌单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法和电子显微镜观察HHLO的定位。通过壁细胞的形态学变化来估计壁细胞的功能;即通过细胞内小管和小管泡的结构来刺激、部分刺激、休息和返回。用免疫组织化学方法观察H+，K+-ATP酶和caspase的免疫反应。此外，还观察了HHLO与Musashi-1免疫反应阳性细胞的关系，结果表明：胃窦粘膜中HHLO多见于粘液层，而胃底区除粘液层外，腺腔体中也可见杆菌。通过电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观察，如图所示，在壁细胞的细胞内小管中识别出一些杆菌。TUNEL法和caspase 3、8、9免疫反应显示约三分之一的细胞发生凋亡。在HHLO处理组中，壁细胞中的Musashi-1免疫反应性也增加。总之，HHLO被证明会影响许多壁细胞，导致壁细胞在某种干细胞相关功能中的激活。

Helicobacter heilmannii has been reported to colonize the stomach of both human and other mammals as a zoonosis, while its pathological significance is still controversial. Many reports have shown lack of effects on gastrin levels, while the localization of this bacillus in the fundic area still remains to be clarified. Thus, the present study was undertaken to observe the localization of Helicobacter heilmannii-like organism (HHLO) in the fundic and antral area of the stomach and its effect on the acid secretory function of the parietal cells.C3H mice, infected with HHLO for twelve months were used in the following experiments. The localization of the HHLO was observed by the indirect immunofluorescence method using monoclonal antibodies against Helicobacter pylori and by electron microscopy. The parietal cell function was estimated by the morphological changes of the parietal cells ; i.e. the stimulated, partially stimulated, resting and returning by the structure of the intracellular canaliculi and tubulovesicles. H+, K+-ATPase immunoreactivity as well as caspase immunoreactivities was also observed by the immunohistochemical method. In addition, relation of HHLO to Musashi-1 immunoreactive cells were also investeigated.As a result, HHLO in the antral mucosa were mostly seen in mucus layer, but in the fundic area bacilli were found in the body of the glandular lumen as well as in the mucus layer. By electron microscopic and confocal laser microscopic observation, some bacilli were recognized in the intracellular canaliculi of the parietal cells as shown in the figure. Tunel method and caspase 3, 8 and 9 immunoreactivities revealed that about one third of these cells fell into apoptosis. Musashi-1 immunoreacitivity in the parietal cells has also increased in the HHLO treated group. In conclusion, HHLO was shown to affect many parietal cells, resulting in the activation of the parietal cells in some kind of stem cell-related function.