Mate choice of female alpine accentors : female behavior, paternity, sperm activity, hormone.

在阿尔卑斯山口音Prunella collaris，女性征求占主导地位的男性交配。此外，优势雄鸟还采取配偶守卫的方式保护多个雌鸟。因此，优势雄虫比从属雄虫能够获得更多的雌虫和更高的繁殖成功率。相比之下，从属的男性也有生殖成功。在精子竞争理论中，精子的质量，而不是社会优势，对获得父亲身份很重要。本研究的目的是探讨社会优势和精子活动之间的关系，在阿尔卑斯山口音。然而，littlie知道如何监测鸟类的精子活动（精子速度，密度和活力）。因此，我们建立了日本鹌鹑精子活力的监测方法。结果，我们证实，高排名的男性比低排名的男性有更高的精子和睾酮的活性。在使用日本鹌鹑的研究中，收集的精子用约100毫升稀释。80体积的BWW培养基（Irvine Scientific Co.）。然而，Irvine Scientific Co.在2004年停止生产BWW培养基。我们于2003年采集了带有BWW的高山口音鸟的精子并进行了分析。所以我们不能继续学习。2005年我们用广岛分辨率代替了BWW介质，但没有使用BWW的数据。因此，我们不得不在2005年再次获得数据。现在，我们写一篇题为“社会支配地位对日本鹌鹑精子活动的影响”的手稿。"

In the alpine accentor Prunella collaris, females solicit dominant males to copulate with. Moreover, dominant males adopt mate guarding for several females. Thus, dominant males are able to get many females and higher reproductive success than subordinates. In contrast, subordinate males also have a reproductive success. In the sperm competition theory, the quality of sperm, not social dominance, would be important to gain the paternity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social dominance and sperm activity in the alpine accentor. However, littlie is known how to monitor the sperm activity (sperm velocity, density, and motility) in birds. Therefore, we developed the method to monitor the sperm activity in the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. As a result, we confirmed that high ranking males have higher activity of sperm and testosterone than low ranking males. In the study using the Japanese quail, collected sperm was diluted with ca. 80 volumes of BWW medium (Irvine Scientific Co.). However, Irvine Scientific Co. stopped to make BWW medium in 2004. We collected and analyzed the sperm of alpine accentors with BWW in 2003. So we could not continue to study. In 2005,we used Hiroshima resolution instead of BWW medium, but the data with BWW was not used. Therefore, we had to get data again in 2005. Now, we write a manuscript entitled "Influence of social dominance on the sperm activity in Japanese quail."