Kosher Butchering and Kosher Butchering Debates in West Germany and the Young Federal Republic (1945/49-1965/72)

西德和年轻联邦共和国的犹太屠宰和犹太屠宰辩论（1945/49-1965/72）

• 批准号: 464800244
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Andreas Brämer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden (IGdJ)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/464800244?language=en
• 关键词: Kosher; Butchering; Debates; West; Germany

It has become noticeable in recent times that slaughtering as practiced by both Jews and Muslims is under scrutiny by legislatures in several European countries. Ritual slaughtering without prior stunning is becoming increasingly difficult, due to restrictive legal norms or by being totally prohibited. Specific plans to revise slaughter laws in Germany do not presently exist, nevertheless religious butchering practices have attracted the attention of right-wing populists, whose political efforts are also regarded by Jewish communities with concern. All but forgotten are, however, the political, legal and social conflicts concerning the religious slaughtering tradition of Jews in the early years of post-war West Germany, which were also used as an opportunity to marginalize, to discredit and to criminalize both Judaism and the Jews.In connection with these observations, the research project is focused on probing kosher meat provisions concerning Jews in post-war Germany as well as on discussions of kosher meat production. The issues involved are to be reconstructed on a broad empirical basis, herewith helping to reshape the collective memory of the post war period. The chronology will essentially pertain to the period between the end of the war (or the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, respectively) and the mid 1960s (with an outlook on the passing of the Animal Protection Law in 1972) – hence with emphasis on a younger West German past, in which the dispute on the compulsory stunning of warm-blooded animals still predominantly pertained to the religious practice of the Jewish community in West Germany.This research also strives to provide insights gained of the general nature of Jewish society only a few years after the war as well as of the non-Jewish mainstream society following the "rupture in civilization" (Zivilisationsbruch), in other words to contribute to interpreting and classifying the complex Jewish and non-Jewish relations that existed here after 1945. When questioning the political strategies of Jewish communities and organizations involved in the dispute with various actors of majority society, this project strives to level disciplinary barriers between Jewish studies, German-Jewish history and contemporary general German history. The study focuses on a wide range of interwoven perspectives which will enable us to take a closer look both at Jewish and non Jewish agents and their ties and contacts.

近年来，犹太人和穆斯林所实行的屠杀受到几个欧洲国家立法机构的审查，这一点变得越来越明显。由于限制性的法律的规范或被完全禁止，未经事先击晕的仪式屠宰变得越来越困难。德国目前没有修改屠宰法的具体计划，但宗教屠宰做法引起了右翼民粹主义者的注意，他们的政治努力也受到犹太社区的关注。然而，人们几乎完全忘记了战后早期西德德国在宗教上屠杀犹太人的传统方面所发生的政治、法律的和社会冲突，这些冲突也被用作将犹太教和犹太人边缘化、诋毁和定罪的机会。该研究项目的重点是探讨战后德国有关犹太人的洁食肉类规定，以及对洁食肉类生产的讨论。所涉及的问题将在广泛的经验基础上重建，从而有助于重塑战后时期的集体记忆。年表将基本上属于战争结束之间的时期（或分别于1949年德国联邦共和国成立）和20世纪60年代中期（展望1972年通过的《动物保护法》）--因此强调了西德年轻的过去，其中，关于《易经》的争论最为激烈。血的动物仍然主要涉及到犹太社区的宗教实践在西德国。这项研究还努力提供见解获得的一般本书旨在对战后几年的犹太社会以及“文明断裂”（Zivilisationsbruch）后的非犹太主流社会的性质进行分析，换句话说，有助于解释和分类1945年后存在于这里的复杂的犹太人和非犹太人关系。当质疑犹太社区和组织的政治策略，参与与多数社会的各种行为者的争端时，该项目努力消除犹太研究，德国-犹太历史和当代一般德国历史之间的学科障碍。这项研究的重点是广泛的交织的观点，这将使我们能够更仔细地看看犹太人和非犹太人的代理人和他们的联系和接触。