Kosher Butchering and Kosher Butchering Debates in West Germany and the Young Federal Republic (1945/49-1965/72)

近年来，值得注意的是，几个欧洲国家的立法机构正在审查犹太人和穆斯林都实行的屠宰行为。由于限制性的法律规范或完全被禁止，没有事先震惊的仪式屠宰变得越来越困难。德国目前没有修改屠宰法的具体计划，但宗教屠杀做法引起了右翼民粹主义者的注意，他们的政治努力也受到犹太社区的关注。然而，几乎被遗忘的是，战后西德早期与犹太人宗教屠杀传统有关的政治、法律和社会冲突，这些冲突也被用作边缘化、诋毁犹太教和犹太人并将其定为犯罪的机会。与这些观察结果相关的是，研究项目集中在探讨战后德国关于犹太人的犹太肉类规定以及关于犹太肉类生产的讨论。所涉及的问题将在广泛的经验基础上重建，从而帮助重塑战后时期的集体记忆。编年表基本上将涉及战争结束(或分别于1949年成立德意志联邦共和国)和20世纪60年代中期(展望1972年通过《动物保护法》)之间的时期--因此重点放在更年轻的西德过去，其中关于强制击晕温血动物的争议仍然主要与西德犹太社区的宗教实践有关。这项研究还努力提供关于战后几年犹太社会的一般性质以及非犹太主流社会在“文明破裂”(Zivilisationsbruch)之后的洞察力，换句话说，有助于解释和分类1945年后存在于这里的复杂的犹太人和非犹太人关系。当与多数派社会的不同行为者质疑卷入争端的犹太社区和组织的政治策略时，该项目努力在犹太研究、德-犹太历史和当代德国通史之间建立学科障碍。这项研究着眼于广泛的相互交织的视角，这将使我们能够更仔细地观察犹太人和非犹太人的代理人及其联系和联系。

It has become noticeable in recent times that slaughtering as practiced by both Jews and Muslims is under scrutiny by legislatures in several European countries. Ritual slaughtering without prior stunning is becoming increasingly difficult, due to restrictive legal norms or by being totally prohibited. Specific plans to revise slaughter laws in Germany do not presently exist, nevertheless religious butchering practices have attracted the attention of right-wing populists, whose political efforts are also regarded by Jewish communities with concern. All but forgotten are, however, the political, legal and social conflicts concerning the religious slaughtering tradition of Jews in the early years of post-war West Germany, which were also used as an opportunity to marginalize, to discredit and to criminalize both Judaism and the Jews.In connection with these observations, the research project is focused on probing kosher meat provisions concerning Jews in post-war Germany as well as on discussions of kosher meat production. The issues involved are to be reconstructed on a broad empirical basis, herewith helping to reshape the collective memory of the post war period. The chronology will essentially pertain to the period between the end of the war (or the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, respectively) and the mid 1960s (with an outlook on the passing of the Animal Protection Law in 1972) – hence with emphasis on a younger West German past, in which the dispute on the compulsory stunning of warm-blooded animals still predominantly pertained to the religious practice of the Jewish community in West Germany.This research also strives to provide insights gained of the general nature of Jewish society only a few years after the war as well as of the non-Jewish mainstream society following the "rupture in civilization" (Zivilisationsbruch), in other words to contribute to interpreting and classifying the complex Jewish and non-Jewish relations that existed here after 1945. When questioning the political strategies of Jewish communities and organizations involved in the dispute with various actors of majority society, this project strives to level disciplinary barriers between Jewish studies, German-Jewish history and contemporary general German history. The study focuses on a wide range of interwoven perspectives which will enable us to take a closer look both at Jewish and non Jewish agents and their ties and contacts.