Gene expression profile of periodontal ligament during tooth movement, using microarray analysis

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Gene expression profile of the periodontal ligament (PDL) was examined in rat maxillary first molar during tooth movement. Rat maxillary first molars were moved lingually with fixed appliance for 6 hours and 5 days, and unfixed, undecalcified frozen sections was prepared from the molar areas. The periodontal ligament was microdissected from the sections and the RNA was isolated from the sample, and analyzed using cDNA microarray. The data from the microarray was compared with the data from the control (data of periodontal ligament without tooth movement).The quality and quantity of the sample collected with laser capture microdissection was enough for microarray analysis. 6 hours after initiation of tooth movement, in the extended zone of the PDL, 2506 genes were expressed 2 fold higher than those in the control and 2722 genes were expressed half lower than the control. In the compressed zone of the PDL, 2960 genes were expressed 2 fold higher than those in the control and 2978 genes were expressed half lower than the control. 5 days after initiation of tooth movement, in the extended zone of the PDL, 3762 genes were expressed 2 fold higher than those in the control and 2722 genes were expressed half lower than the control. In the compressed zone of the PDL, 4239 genes were expressed 2 fold higher than those in the control and 2849 genes were expressed half lower than the control. The genes related to osteogenesis were up-regulated in the sample of the extended zone of PDL, and the genes related to apoptosis and bone resorption were also up-regulated in the sample of the compressed zone of PDL.These results suggest that the PDL cells change their gene expression to adapt to new environment caused by tooth movement, and these change make it possible to move the tooth in the alveolar bone.