Research on the Musicians in Japan during the Modern Era (1868-1945)

本研究旨在厘清近代(1868-1945)日本西方音乐和日本音乐中音乐家的培养和使用情况。为此采用了两种方法：(1)分析1875年的音乐家和表演者名录(明治8)，1908年的东京都人口普查(明治41)，以及大都会警察局从1892年到1936年的统计报告(明治25-昭和11)；以及(2)汇编四个数据库，以获得政府系统中音乐家数量的总体视角。从这次调查中，很明显，每种日本音乐流派的音乐家数量的波动是显著的。此外，这四个数据库显示，明治至昭和时期的注册音乐家总数为：住宅部约240名音乐家，军乐团(陆军和海军联合)约4,400名音乐家，东京音乐学院约13,400名音乐家(学生)。在这三个团体中，家庭部和军乐团的音乐部门继续各自的培训计划，导致音乐家的职业生涯形成鲜明对比。东京音乐学院是一家老牌教育机构，已经向女性和外国学生敞开了大门，除了常规课程外，还提供应用音乐的选修课，以及为学生提供独特的教育和教学机会。

This research aims to clarify the training and employment of the musicians in Western and Japanese music in Japan during the Modern Era (1868-1945). Two approaches are adopted for this purpose : (1) Analyzing the Directory of Musicians and Performers from 1875 (Meiji 8), Tokyo City Census from 1908 (Meiji 41), and Statistical Reports from the Metropolitan Police Department from 1892 to 1936 (Meiji 25-Showa 11) ; and (2) Compiling four databases to gain an overall perspective on the number of musicians in the governmental system.From this investigation, it is evident that the fluctuation in the number of musicians in each Japanese music genre was significant. Furthermore, the four databases indicate that the total number of registered musicians from the Meiji to Showa period were : approximately 240 musicians in the Household Ministry, approximately 4,400 musicians in the Military Band (combining the army and navy), and approximately 13,400 musicians (students) in the Tokyo Academy of Music.Within these three groups, the music departments from the Household Ministry and Military Band have continued with their individual training programs, leading to contrasting professional careers for the musicians. The Tokyo Academy of Music, an established educational facility, has opened its doors to women and foreign students, offering elective courses in applied music, in addition to its regular courses, and unique educational and teaching opportunities to its students.