Research on the Musicians in Japan during the Modern Era (1868-1945)

本研究旨在厘清近代（1868-1945）日本西方与日本音乐音乐家的培养与就业。为此采用了两种方法：(1)分析1875年（明治8年）的音乐家和表演者名录，1908年（明治41年）的东京都人口普查，1892年至1936年（明治25-昭和11年）的大都会警察局统计报告；(2)编制四个数据库，以全面了解政府系统中音乐家的数量。从这次调查中可以明显看出，日本各个音乐流派的音乐家数量的波动是显著的。此外，这四个数据库表明，从明治到昭和时期的注册音乐家总数为：户部约240名音乐家，军乐队约4400名音乐家（结合陆军和海军），东京音乐学院约13400名音乐家（学生）。在这三个团体中，来自家庭部和军乐团的音乐部门继续他们的个人培训计划，导致音乐家的职业生涯形成对比。东京音乐学院是一所成熟的教育机构，它向女性和外国学生敞开了大门，除了常规课程外，还开设了应用音乐选修课程，并为学生提供了独特的教育和教学机会。

This research aims to clarify the training and employment of the musicians in Western and Japanese music in Japan during the Modern Era (1868-1945). Two approaches are adopted for this purpose : (1) Analyzing the Directory of Musicians and Performers from 1875 (Meiji 8), Tokyo City Census from 1908 (Meiji 41), and Statistical Reports from the Metropolitan Police Department from 1892 to 1936 (Meiji 25-Showa 11) ; and (2) Compiling four databases to gain an overall perspective on the number of musicians in the governmental system.From this investigation, it is evident that the fluctuation in the number of musicians in each Japanese music genre was significant. Furthermore, the four databases indicate that the total number of registered musicians from the Meiji to Showa period were : approximately 240 musicians in the Household Ministry, approximately 4,400 musicians in the Military Band (combining the army and navy), and approximately 13,400 musicians (students) in the Tokyo Academy of Music.Within these three groups, the music departments from the Household Ministry and Military Band have continued with their individual training programs, leading to contrasting professional careers for the musicians. The Tokyo Academy of Music, an established educational facility, has opened its doors to women and foreign students, offering elective courses in applied music, in addition to its regular courses, and unique educational and teaching opportunities to its students.