Research on Modern Gagaku Tradition : Focusing on Activities of the Music Department of the Imperial Household Ministry 1868-1945

该研究项目涉及现代乐乐的历史，重点关注1868年至1945年宫内部音乐部（国内正乐部）的活动。明治维新后，明治政府在内阁内设立了歌舞剧协议会（后称国内正歌舞团），实现了歌舞剧传播体制的快速重组。因此，宫廷乐师被赋予了整个乐乐传统的责任。1874年，他们还被要求学习西方音乐，以便在从西方引进的新宫廷仪式上表演。这种现代雅乐的传统是围绕着以音乐系为基础的老雅乐家族的专业音乐家的身体组织起来的，一直保持到第二次世界大战结束。除了音乐家本身的音乐才能之外，还有许多贡献因素：旨在培养遗产继承人的七年专业课程，始于1884年，并于1914年完全修订；以及1884年开始的，为参与传播的家庭提供经济支持的制度。战争期间的死亡和乐乐家族的年轻成员在随后的几年中跳槽到其他行业，以及官僚机构内部的改革导致雇用的音乐家人数大幅减少，使这一传统在战后几年达到了一个新的转折点。

This research project dealt with the history of the modern gagaku, focusing on the activities of the Music Department of the Imperial Household Ministry (Kunaisho Gakubu) 1868-1945.After the Meiji Restoration, Meiji Government established Gagaku Kyoku (later Kunaisho Gakubu) within the Cabinet, to accomplish the quick reorganization of the system for gagaku transmission. As the results, the court musicians were given responsibilities for the whole gagaku tradition. In 1874, they were also required to study Western music to perform at the occasions of new court ceremonies adopted from the West.This tradition of modern gagaku as organized around the body of professional musicians of the old gagaku fimilies based at the Music Department was maintained until the end of World War II.There were a number of contributing elements besides the musicianship of musicians themselves : the seven-year specialist curriculum designed to produce successors to the heritage, which began in 1884 and completely revised in 1914 ; and the system for financial support of the families involved in its transmission, which commenced in 1884.Deaths during the war and the loss of younger members of gagaku families to other professions in the succeeding years, as well as reforms within the bureaucracy which resulted in a major reduction in number of musicians employed, brought the tradition to a new turning point in the post-war years.