Study of the Modern Gagaku Tradition : Focusing on the Promotion of Gagaku as the Official Music of Shinto Ritual

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This study examines the introduction of gagaku into the Shinto rituals of the Imperial Court and Shinto shrines during the pre-war years.Following the Meiji Restoration, gagaku was assimilated into the new ceremonies associated with imperial ancestor worship. During this process, the genre of gagaku viewed as central shifted from togaku to the indigenous song and dance forms. The form that gained most importance was kagura, which replaced togaku as the music used to accompany the presentation and removal of offerings to the gods during 1870-73, and used again in this context in 1938.On the other hand, the incorporation of gagaku into Shinto shrine ritual proceeded more slowly. From 1883 musicians from the Gagaku Bureau began to teach at Koten Kokyousho, while around 1900 they also taught gagaku workshops for Shinto priests, held at sites throughout the country. In addition, it was at about this time that many of the new Shinto cults, such as Tenri-kyo, began to adopt gagaku as their ritual music. In this way, gagaku of the modern period acquired an unprecedented new image and reality as the music of the Shinto religion.