High-and poly-functionation of biomass-derived carbon by composting with metal-Production of crystallized and mesoporous carbon

以不同升温速率、不同氦气流量、700-900℃、0 ~ 2.0h的条件，研究了不同镍、钙含量的落叶松在不同氦气流量下对碳的结晶（T组分的形成）、中孔的形成以及液化和气化产物的数量和性质的影响。结果表明，当镍负载量为2%，不同时负载钙，炭化温度为850-900℃，保温时间为1.0 ~ 1.5 h，升温速率为10℃min ~（-1）<-1>，氦气流量为11.6-23.2 ml STPcm ~（<-2>-1）min ~（-1<-1>）时，可有效地制备出具有良好导电性和液体吸附能力的双功能炭。同时也证实了在T组分形成的同时，介孔的形成是以BET比表面积为代价的。中孔率、BFT比表面积、T组分之间的密切关系可以用碳的结晶诱导BFT聚并成中孔的情况来解释。在适宜的条件下，随着乙酸用量的增加，可得到中等量的低分子量油状馏分。可燃气体部分，特别是氢气的量也显著增加。这些特征表明，镍催化碳化是一种创新的木质生物质热化学转化过程，能够同时生产能量和材料。此外，通过假设实际制造，对结晶的介孔碳衍生的蕨类木质素进行粉碎和酸洗。结果表明，二次处理后的炭的双功能性大大增强，表明二次处理后的炭作为高性能炭电极具有良好的应用前景。

Larch loaded with different amouunts of nickel and calcritun was carbonized at 700-900℃ for 0-2.0 h with a different heating rate in a different flow of helium to examine the influence of these variables on the crystallization of carbon (the formation of T component) and the development of mesopore, in addition to amounts and properties of liquefied and gasified products. As the result, such proper reaction conditions as the combination of nickel loading of 2 % without co-loading of calcium, carbonization temperature of 850-900℃ with holding time of 1.0 to 1.5 h, heating rate of 10℃min^<-1>, helium flow of 11.6-23.2 ml STPcm^<-2>mini^<-1> were established for effectively producing the dual functional carbon having adequate electroconductivity and liquid adsorption capacity. It is also confirmed that mesoporosity developed at the cost of BET surface area in parallel with the formation of T component. The close relationship among meroporosity, BFT surface area, T component could be well explained by the situation that the crystallization of carbon would induce coalescence of micropore into mesopore. Under the proper conditions, oily fraction with law molecular weight was obtained in a moderate amount accompanying with an increased quantity of acetic acid. The amount of combustible gaseous fraction, particularly hydrogen also also was considerably increased. These features make clear that the nickel-catalyzed carbonization is an innovative thennochemical conversion process of woody biomass enabling the simultaneous co-production of energy and material. Furthermore, pulverization and acid-washing of crystallized mesoporous carbon derived fern lignin was carried out by assuming a practical manufacturing. The result disclosed that the dual functionality was greatly enhanced, indicating a promising application of the secondary treated carbon as a high-performance carbon electrode.