Flow-Demand Location Models and the Effect of Rapid Transport Network on Urban Spatial Structure

本研究的目的是掌握流量-需求设施选址模型解的特征，分析快速交通路线对城市设施选址和城市空间结构的影响。首先，我们建立了一个设施选址模型，假设服务需求来源于用户的出行，而不是像实际行为那样直接以获得服务为目的。我们结合联合收割机这样的流量需求选址模型和传统的p-中位数模型。从居住型需求和居住型需求两个方面分析了工作-居住空间结构变化对设施最优选址的影响。在理想的三角形网格城市网络上，随着家庭和工作场所的空间相关性增强或家庭需求占主导地位，设施选址会向远郊分散。其次，我们建立了一个流量-需求设施选址模型， 关于我们 不仅是总的旅行距离，而且是给定的旅行产生和终止量的必要流量。该模型是基于传统的运输模型，以及流量需求的p-中位数模型，并可以解决混合整数规划技术。通过将流量最小化流量需求选址模型应用于东京大都市区，我们发现在城市中心的设施比在周边地区的设施有更多的用户。最优选址对于基于起点的需求和基于目的地的需求具有中间模式的p-中值结果。容量约束促使枢纽设施向城市中心集中。第三，研究了快速交通线路对枢纽设施最优选址和城市空间结构的影响。快速交通网络通过扭曲城市空间，影响交通流的分布。基于快速交通线的流量-需求设施选址模型带来了城市结构的空间层次性。少

The purposes of this research are to grasp characteristics of solutions of flow-demand facility location models, and to analyze the effect of fast transportation routes on the location of urban facilities and urban spatial structure.First, we focused a facility location model assuming that demand for service originates from users traveling, which is not directly for the purpose of obtaining the service, as is seen in actual behavior. We combine such a flow-demand location model and the traditional p-median model. Effect of change in jobs-housing spatial structure on optimal facility location is analyzed considering two types of demand : commuting-based demand and home-based demand. With some examples on an ideal triangular lattice urban network, it is shown that facility location decentralizes toward outer suburbs as spatial correlation of home and workplaces gets stronger or as home-based demand gets more dominant.Second, we treated a flow-demand facility location model that minimizes … More not only total travel distance but also necessary flow for given amounts of trip generation and termination. The proposed model is based on a traditional transportation model as well as a p-median model for flow-demand, and can be solved by mixed integer programming technique. By applying the flow-minimizing flow-demand location model to Tokyo metropolitan area, we find that a larger number of users is seen at facilities in the city centers than at facilities in peripheral areas. Optimal location has intermediate pattern of p-median results for origin-based demand and for destination-based demand. Capacity constraint enforces concentration of terminal facilities at city centers.Third, we dealt with effect of fast transportation routes on optimal facility location and urban spatial structure. Rapid transportation network has an influence on the distribution of transportation flow by distorting urban space. Flow-demand facility location models with fast transportation routes bring about spatial hierarchy of urban structure. Less