Flow-Demand Location Models and the Effect of Rapid Transport Network on Urban Spatial Structure

本研究的目的是掌握流量需求设施选址模型解的特征，分析快速交通路线对城市设施选址和城市空间结构的影响。首先，我们关注了一个设施位置模型，假设服务需求来源于用户的出行，而不是直接以获得服务为目的，这在实际行为中可以看到。我们将这种流量-需求区位模型与传统的p-中位数模型相结合。考虑通勤需求和居家需求两种需求类型，分析了职住空间结构变化对最优设施选址的影响。以理想三角点阵城市网络为例，研究表明，随着家庭与工作场所的空间相关性增强或家庭需求占主导地位，设施位置向远郊分散。其次，我们处理了一个流量需求设施位置模型，该模型不仅使总旅行距离最小化，而且使给定数量的旅行产生和终止的必要流量最小化。该模型基于传统的交通模型和流量需求的p中值模型，可采用混合整数规划技术求解。通过将流量最小化的流量需求定位模型应用于东京大都市区，我们发现市中心的设施比外围地区的设施有更多的用户。最优选址在以出发地为基础的需求和以目的地为基础的需求上具有p中值结果的中间模式。容量限制迫使终端设施集中在城市中心。第三，研究了快速交通路线对最优设施区位和城市空间结构的影响。快速交通网络通过扭曲城市空间来影响交通流的分布。具有快速交通路线的流需设施区位模型带来了城市结构的空间层次性。少

The purposes of this research are to grasp characteristics of solutions of flow-demand facility location models, and to analyze the effect of fast transportation routes on the location of urban facilities and urban spatial structure.First, we focused a facility location model assuming that demand for service originates from users traveling, which is not directly for the purpose of obtaining the service, as is seen in actual behavior. We combine such a flow-demand location model and the traditional p-median model. Effect of change in jobs-housing spatial structure on optimal facility location is analyzed considering two types of demand : commuting-based demand and home-based demand. With some examples on an ideal triangular lattice urban network, it is shown that facility location decentralizes toward outer suburbs as spatial correlation of home and workplaces gets stronger or as home-based demand gets more dominant.Second, we treated a flow-demand facility location model that minimizes … More not only total travel distance but also necessary flow for given amounts of trip generation and termination. The proposed model is based on a traditional transportation model as well as a p-median model for flow-demand, and can be solved by mixed integer programming technique. By applying the flow-minimizing flow-demand location model to Tokyo metropolitan area, we find that a larger number of users is seen at facilities in the city centers than at facilities in peripheral areas. Optimal location has intermediate pattern of p-median results for origin-based demand and for destination-based demand. Capacity constraint enforces concentration of terminal facilities at city centers.Third, we dealt with effect of fast transportation routes on optimal facility location and urban spatial structure. Rapid transportation network has an influence on the distribution of transportation flow by distorting urban space. Flow-demand facility location models with fast transportation routes bring about spatial hierarchy of urban structure. Less