the elucidation of the mechanisms of angiogenesia and cardiovascular hypertrophy and the application of angiogenesis by therapeutic electrical stimulation

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Low voltage electrical stimulation (LVES) of skeletal muscle at a level far below the threshold of muscle contraction has been reported to induce VEGF immunohistochemically but the promotion of local angiogenesis in skeletal muscles by LVES has not been fully elucidated.We tried to evaluate whether angiogenic factors, such as VEGF,HGF and FGF, and other factor, such as inflammation (IL6), and hypoxia (anti HIF-1 α) contribute to the local angiogenesis by LVES. we compared the effect of LVES to that of high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) on the induction of angiogenic factors. Our results indicated that not only VEGF but also HGF was significantly increased in tissues by LVES. There was no difference in the level of immunohistochemical staining of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with polyclonal anti FGF antibody, anti TM antibody, and anti HIF1α antibody between the LVES group and control group. The VEGF level of the intermittent high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) group tended to be higher than that of the LVES groups, although the difference was not significant. Capillary density of stimulated muscles was increased with the unstimulated muscles in CL-VES and IH-VES. The induction of VEGF by LVES was seen at a significantly earlier period than that by HVES.