Relation between Climatic Hazards, Folk Events and Climatic Variation in Historical Times of Japan

本研究旨在从气候灾害与民间事件的关系，阐明历史时期的气候变化。在此基础上，对气候灾害的记录进行了编码，并输入到个人计算机中，增强了“历史气候数据库”。从人、社会与气候变化的关系出发，阐明了灾害记录的意义，并从流传于各地的民间事件中，看到了历史时期气候灾害的征兆。例如，在富山的焚风灾害中举行了风平息的节日。由于这一民俗活动与气候的关系是多方面的，因此从多角度、多方面考察其意义。特别是对富山的风祭进行了持续的调查，从多方面进行了探讨和分析。风的神被供奉在举行风节的地方，并且风的神还具有水神等的特征。节日基本上是祈求五谷丰收的正常气候，也反映了农耕社会对气候灾害的认识，各地都神化了许多这样的神，并在各地建立了他们的圣地。人们对自然包括气候灾害的认识反映在这样一个神圣的地方，并对各个神圣的地方的实际情况进行了调查，特别注意它与自然的关系。此外，还建立了神社、寺庙等数据库，并将其纳入GIS，制作了全国范围内流行的神社、寺庙教派等各种要素的分布图。这样的分布图还没有提出，并获得了许多新的结果。希望能作为通用的基础数据，为各领域的研究做出贡献。

In this research, it aimed clarifying for the climatic variation in the historical times from relations between climatic hazards and folk events. As the base, the records of the climatic hazards were encoded and inputted to the personal computer, and 'Historical Climate Data Base' was enhanced. To reconstruct the climate variation, the meaning of hazard record was clarified by the relations between people, society and climate variation.Signs of the climatic hazards in the historical times are seen also by the folk event that has been succeeded to various places. For instance, the festival of the wind calming down is held to the foehn disaster in Toyama. Because it was various that the relations between such a folk event and the climate, its meaning was examined from various angle and aspects. Especially, the investigation about wind festival in Toyama was continued, and it was approached from many and analyzed. God of wind is enshrined to the place where the wind festival is done, and the god of wind has also the character of the god of water etc. further. The ordinary climate was basically prayed in the festival for good harvest of staple grains, and the projection of recognition to the climatic hazards in the ere agrarian society was seen there.In each place many gods of these are deified, and sacred places of them are established in various place. People's recognition to nature including climatic hazards was reflected in such a sacred place, and the investigation of actual conditions of various sacred places was done, especially paying attention to its relations with nature. Moreover, data bases such as shrines and temples were made, it took into GIS, and the distribution chart of various elements such as popular shrines and temple sects were made in a nationwide scale. Such distribution charts have not been presented and many new results were obtained. They are expected to contribute to the research of various fields as the general basic data.