The empirical research of authentic assessment to probe children's understanding in science classes

本研究是在科学课实际情况的基础上，对临床真实性评价的一次尝试。真实的评估是一个过程，学生不仅要完成期望的行为，而且要在现实生活中完成它们。它呈现的任务是值得的、重要的、有意义的——也就是说，是真实的。真实的评估不仅仅是测试的发展；它依赖于可靠的课堂教学实践和各种真实的评估工具来评估学生的学习。真实的评估必须与有效的教学、学习和激励原则相一致。我们认识到真实任务包括以下6个方面（G.Wiggins,1998）。这是现实的。(2)需要判断和创新。它要求学生做题目。(4)它复制或模拟了成年人在工作场所、公民生活和个人生活中接受测试的环境。(5)评估学生高效、有效地运用一系列知识和技能完成复杂任务的能力。(6)允许适当的机会排练、练习、咨询资源，并获得对演出和产品的反馈和完善。对这些真实任务的真实回答将产生日常课堂教学实践和学生评估，从而推动教学和学习。我们必须认识到，真正的评估需要对评估中使用的标准给予更多的注意。此外，真实的评估可以促进自我评估，因为它比传统的测试发挥更大的作用。最后，从临床教学的角度来看，使用真实评估结果的反馈方式是开放的问题。

This research is an attempt to clarify authentic assessment clinically on the basis of the actual situation of science classes. Authentic assessment is a process where students not only complete desired behaviors, but accomplish them in a real-life context. It presents tasks that are worthwhile, significant, and meaningful-that is to say, authentic. Authentic assessment constitutes more than development of test ; it depends on reliable classroom teaching practice and various authentic assessment tools to evaluate students learning. Authentic assessment must be consistent with the principles of effective instruction, learning and motivation.We recognize authentic task involves following 6 aspects(G.Wiggins,1998). (1)It is realistic. (2)It requires judgment and innovation. (3)It asks the students to do the subject. (4)It replicates or simulates the context in which adults are tested in the workplace, in the civic life, and in personal life. (5)It assesses the student's ability to efficiently and effectively use a repertoire of knowledge and skill to negotiate a complex task. (6)It allows appropriate opportunities to rehearse, practice, consult resources, and get feedback on and refine performances and products.Genuine answers to these authentic tasks will generate daily classroom teaching practices and student evaluation that drives instruction and learning.We must recognize that authentic assessment requires that much greater attention be paid to the criteria to be used in the assessment. Also, authentic assessment can promotes self-assessment because it plays a much greater role than in traditional testing.Finally, from a clinical standpoint of teaching, the ways of feedback using the results of authentic assessment are open questions.