A Study of the Practical Knowledge of Japanese Language Teachers in relation to the Development of Learners' Communicative Competence

本研究的目的是调查日语教师的实践知识和思维与留学生交际能力发展的关系。本研究共进行了三项调查，结果如下：1.教师课堂教学实践性知识与思维的调查：五位教师被要求观摩一节日语录像带，并对其进行点评。不同教师的评论各不相同，但大多数集中在语言结构的实践上。教师在关注语言练习场景的真实性和学习者话语的真实性方面表现出相似之处。在观看视频后撰写的报告中，教师们表示，他们对教学技巧的兴趣超过了对教学原则或内容的兴趣，此外，教师对交际能力的概念进行了不同的解读，并不同意教授…的必要性教师对语言教育的看法及其形成过程的调查：参与本研究的三名教师在17年前接受了相同的培训，他们对语言教育有自己独特的看法。影响他们看法的最关键因素是其他专业领域的经验、留学经历和他人的存在等。值得注意的是，他们所接受的培训对他们的语言教育观点没有太大影响。3.对学习者的语言使用及其对课堂活动的看法的调查：在参与研究的80名学习者中，许多学习者表示，尽管他们的语言能力水平很高，但他们不能操纵自然的对话表达，对自己的发音没有信心。为了提高听力和会话能力，他们中的许多人认为利用电影、电视剧和新闻节目进行活动更有效。另一方面，也有学生对课本中的学生活动和示范对话的有效性表示怀疑。为了提高阅读和写作能力，许多学习者表示他们想学习日语报告写作中使用的语篇结构、语言表达和文体，并建议练习撰写摘要。此外，学习者指出，在所有的课堂上都有必要复习和解释语法。较少

The aim of this study is to investigate the practical knowledge and thinking of Japanese language teachers in relation to the development of communicative competence in foreign students. Three surveys were conducted and the findings are as follows1.Survey on teachers' practical knowledge and thinking in relation to classroom instruction : Five teachers were asked to observe and provide comments on a Japanese language lesson on videotape. The comments varied from teacher to teacher but the majority focused on the practice of language structures. The teachers showed a similarity in paying attention to the authenticity of the setting of the language practices and the learners' utterances. In reports written after watching the video, the teachers indicated that they were more interested in teaching techniques than teaching principles or contents, hi addition, the teachers interpreted the notion of communicative competence in various ways and did not agree on the necessity for teaching comm … More unicative competence.2.Survey on teachers' views on language education and the process in which their views developed: Three teachers who participated in this study underwent the same training program 17 years ago and they held their own unique views on language education. The most crucial factors that influenced their views were experience in other professional fields, overseas study experience and the existence of others etc. It was dear that the training program they underwent did not have much influence on their views on language education.3.Survey on learners' language use and their beliefs with regard to classroom activities : Of 80 learners who participated in this study, many learners indicated that they could not manipulate natural conversational expressions and did not have confidence in their pronunciation even though they had a high level of competence in the language. To improve listening and conversational competence, many of them believed that activities using movies, television dramas and news programs were more effective. On the other hand, there were students who were doubtful of the effectiveness of student-student activities and model conversations in the textbooks. To improve reading and writing competence, a large number of learners indicated that they wanted to learn the discourse structure, language expressions and styles used in Japanese report writing and also suggested that it would be useful to practice writing summaries. In addition, the learners pointed out that it was necessary to review and explain grammar in all classes. Less