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Mechanisms of sensory processing in the human cortex

人类皮层的感觉处理机制

基本信息

批准号：
16500272
负责人：
INUI Koji
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
National Institute for Physiological Sciences
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16500272/
关键词：
MEG EEG visual auditory tactile 大脳皮質

项目摘要

By using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we studied cortical mechanisms of sensory processing in humans on tactile (Inui et al. Cereb Cortex 2004), pain (Inui et al. Cereb Cortex 2006a), auditory (Inui et al. Cereb Cortex 2006b) and visual (Inui and Kakigi J Neurophysiol 2006; Inui et al. Neuroimage 2006) systems. Results showed several common features of processing among these sensory modalities. First, there are several parallel streams. For example, there are at least two streams in auditory processing running posterosuperiorly (from the primary auditory cortex to the belt region and then to the posterior region) and anteriorly (primary auditory cortex-belt-superior temporal gyrus). Second, the time delay between the two sequential activations is about 4 ms, for example, 3.6 ms between areas 3b and 1 and 4.4 ms between areas 1 and 5 for somatosensory processing. Third, early cortical activities exhibit reversals of polarity after 10 ms twice, resulting in a characteristic triphasic time course. Finally, later activities that follow several early activities do not show such a reversal of polarity and long lasting. For example, activities in the planum temporale (auditory), secondary somatosensory cortex (tactile and pain), or limbic structures (pain) belong to this type. Therefore, these activities should differ in function from early activities with the triphasic structure. We postulate that a basic role of early cortical activities is to receive inputs from the thalamus or convergent inputs from the thalamus and/or adjacent multiple cortical areas and to send their signals to the next point, while the later long-lasting activities are related to recognition of the stimuli. Early activities some 10 ms in duration or successive activations with a 4-5 ms time delay seem not appropriate for activities relating to recognition.

通过使用脑磁图（MEG），我们研究了人类在触觉（Inui et al. Cereb Cortex 2004）、疼痛（Inui et al. Cereb Cortex 2006 a）、听觉（Inui et al. Cereb Cortex 2006 b）和视觉（Inui and Kakigi J Neurophysiol 2006; Inui et al. Neuroimage 2006）系统上感觉处理的皮层机制。结果表明，这些感觉方式之间的处理有几个共同的特点。首先，有几个平行流。例如，在听觉处理中至少有两个流在后上（从初级听觉皮层到带状区域，然后到后区域）和前（初级听觉皮层-带状区域-上级颞回）运行。第二，两个顺序激活之间的时间延迟约为4 ms，例如，对于躯体感觉处理，区域3b和1之间的时间延迟为3.6ms，区域1和5之间的时间延迟为4.4ms。第三，早期皮层活动表现出极性反转后10毫秒两次，导致一个特征三相时间过程。最后，在几个早期活动之后的后来的活动并没有显示出这种极性的逆转和持久性。例如，颞平面（听觉）、次级躯体感觉皮层（触觉和疼痛）或边缘结构（疼痛）的活动都属于这种类型。因此，这些活动在功能上应该不同于具有三相结构的早期活动。我们假设，早期皮层活动的基本作用是接受来自丘脑的输入或来自丘脑和/或邻近多个皮层区域的会聚输入，并将其信号发送到下一个点，而后期的长期活动与刺激的识别有关。持续时间约为10 ms的早期活动或具有4-5 ms时间延迟的连续激活似乎不适合与识别相关的活动。