Geographical research on the relationship between the occurrence of short-duration heavy rainfall and the spatial structure of surface property in the Tokyo metropolitan area

东京都市区短时强降雨发生与地表物性空间结构关系的地理学研究

• 批准号: 16500644
• 负责人: TAKAHASHI Hideo
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Gakugei University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16500644/
• 关键词: Tokyo Metropolitan area; Short-duration heavy rainfall; Surface roughness; Building; Aerodynamic parameter; Sky view factor; Urban heat island; Convergence; 東京都区部; 空気力学的粗度; ゼロ面変位; 風速分布; 時間降水量分布; 数値地表モデル; 強雨発現頻度; 時間降水量; 東京都心域; 建築物高度; 高層建築

In this research, relationships between the occurrence of summertime short-duration heavy rainfall and the urban surface structure in the Tokyo metropolitan area were analyzed in terms of climatology and urban morphology. The results can be summarized as follows :1. The heavy rainfall area in the northern-western and southern area of central Tokyo tends to develop in its neighborhood during a short period, which indicates the characteristic feature of heavy rainfall in the urban area of Tokyo.2. Local-scale differences in the occurrence frequency of heavy rainfall are distinct in the Tokyo ward area. The frequent heavy rainfall areas are found in the western and northern part of the Tokyo ward area. Heavy rainfall in former and latter areas tends to occur corresponding to easterly and southerly wind, respectively. These areas are located in the leeward of high-rise buildings such as Shinjuku and Ikebukuro. It is suggested that convergence of surface wind due to large surface roughness enhances the convective activity in the urban area.3. The calculation method of sky view factor (SVF) by using digital surface model (DSM) was introduced, and the calculation of SVF over the Tokyo ward area was conducted. As the spatial representativeness of SVF at a given point is scarce, scale-up of SVF is required for the discussion on the relationship between urban heat island and SVF. The typical SVFs in the Tokyo ward area are estimated from SVF histogram of 1km×1km areas.4. The aerodynamic parameters in the Tokyo ward area were computed by using DSM, and horizontal/vertical wind velocity distribution was evaluated. Large ascending wind appears Shinjuku-Meguro, Ikebukuro, etc., and the areas of ascending wind vary with wind directions. It is concluded that the local-scale differences in the occurrence frequency of heavy rainfall is strongly related to the surface roughness which high-rise buildings forms.

从气候学和城市形态两个方面分析了东京都夏季短时强降雨的发生与城市地表结构的关系。主要研究结果如下：1.东京市中心西北部和南部的强降雨区域在短时间内有向邻近地区发展的趋势，显示出东京市区强降雨的特征。在东京地区，强降雨发生频率的地方尺度差异明显。强降雨多发区位于东京区的西部和北部。前者和后者的强降水分别对应于偏东风和偏南风。这些地区位于新宿、池袋等高层建筑的背风地带。这说明由于地面粗糙度较大而导致的地面风辐合增强了城市地区的对流活动。介绍了利用数字地面模式(DSM)计算天视因子(SVF)的方法，并对东京城区的SVF进行了计算。由于SVF在某一给定点的空间代表性较弱，需要对SVF进行放大，以探讨城市热岛与SVF之间的关系。由1公里×1公里区域的SVF直方图估计出东京地区典型的SVF。利用DSM计算了东京病区的空气动力学参数，并对水平/垂直风速分布进行了评估。大的上升风出现了新宿-目黑岛、池袋等，上升风区随风向而变化。结果表明，暴雨发生频次的局地差异与高层建筑形成的地表粗糙度密切相关。

项目成果

Climatology and characteristic feature of heavy rainfall in Japan : Spatial structure and time scale

日本强降雨的气候特征和特征：空间结构和时间尺度

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: The Journal of Geography (The Gakugei Chiri) 80
• 作者: Takahashi;H.
• 通讯作者: H.

夏季の都心部における降水強度と気温場および地上風系場

夏季城市降水强度、气温场和地面风系统场

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 地理学評論 80・2
• 作者: 澤田康徳;高橋日出男
• 通讯作者: 高橋日出男

日本における豪雨の気候と機構 -地域性と時間スケール-

日本暴雨的气候和机制-区域特征和时间尺度-

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 学芸地理 30
• 作者: 澤田康徳;高橋日出男;中村康子;高橋日出男
• 通讯作者: 高橋日出男

画像処理ソフトウエアを利用した地形図からの主題図作成

使用图像处理软件从地形图创建专题图

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 学芸地理 60
• 作者: 澤田康徳;高橋日出男;中村康子
• 通讯作者: 中村康子

Year-to-Year Variability in Heavy Precipitation Frequency over Kanto District in Summer Season

关东地区夏季强降水频率的年际变化

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University Section III, 56
• 作者: Sawada;Y.;Takahashi;H.
• 通讯作者: H.