Toxicity assessment of environmental pollution gas using yeast DNA microarray

人类在追求舒适的生活环境的同时，不断向环境排放大量的污染物，造成了大气、水、土壤污染等各种问题。虽然近期加强了对环境污染物排放的管制，污染物排放量正在逐步减少，但我们仍然在污染我们的环境。由于我们所处理的不是单一的污染物，而是环境中的混合污染物，因此很难认识到它们对生物体的影响，这一事实使问题进一步复杂化。可以确定其效果的方法主要包括理化分析和生物测定。当污染在一定程度上存在时，我们可以使用物理化学分析作为单一物质的定性和定量工具；然而，它在评估数千万种化学物质对环境的影响方面却没有用处。虽然我们不能通过生物测定来确定每种化学物质的浓度，但可以利用生物种群(哺乳动物，如啮齿动物、鱼类和贝类、藻类、单细胞等)进行快速毒性评估和遗传毒性分析，因为它关注对生物的影响。因此，我们认为“生物测定”是环境控制和保护的理想方法。我们使用和研究了一种利用酵母DNA芯片对水球进行生物测定的方法。在这里，借鉴我们以前的经验，我们正在尝试开发一种用于污染空气监测的生物检测系统。利用适合于快速毒性评估的酵母(Saccharmyces Cerevisiae S288C)，我们可以监测全基因组的基因

While the human race seeks a comfortable living environment, we have been continuously releasing large quantities of pollutants into the environment, and consequently have caused various problems such as air-, water- and soil-pollution. Although emission of pollutants is being gradually reduced by the recent tighter control on emissions of environmental pollutants, we are still polluting our environment. The problem is further compounded by the fact that there is not a single pollutant with which we are dealing, but a mixture of pollutants in the environment, and therefore it is rather difficult to recognize their effects on organisms. Methods that can determine their effect include primarily the physiochemical analyses and bioassays. When pollutions are supposed to be present to some extent, we can use physiochemical analyses as qualitative and quantitative tool for a single substance ; however, it cannot prove useful in assessing the impact of tens of millions of chemical substances on the environment. Although we cannot determine the concentration of each chemical substance by bioassays, it is possible to do rapid toxicity assessment and genetic toxicity analysis using organism stocks (mammals such as rodent, fish and shellfish, alga, single cell, etc) because it focuses attention on the effect on organisms. We therefore think that "bioassay" is ideal for use in environmental control and protection.We have used and studied a bioassay for the hydrosphere using yeast DNA microarray. Here, drawing on our previous experience, we are attempting to develop a bioassay system for polluted air monitoring. By using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C), suitable for rapid toxicity assessment, we can monitor genome-wide gene