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Bioassay of pollution gas by metabolic heat measurement of yeast

酵母代谢热测定对污染气体的生物测定

基本信息

批准号：
13680629
负责人：
TAMURA Katsuhiro
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
The University of Tokushima
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Using a microcalorimeter the heat evolved during incubation of yeast cultures at 30℃ was detected in the form of growth thermogram (metabolic heat-incubation time curve). Correlation of the heat evolution curves with the number of cells and the turbidity of the culture was found to be very good. In this study, the effects of high-pressure gas in open system on the growth curve of yeast were investigated and the inhibitory action of the gases (nitrogen, air, oxygen, nitrous oxide, argon and krypton) on the growth was quantitatively assayed using a Biothermo Analyzer. The growth thermograms were used to estimate microbial activity of yeast under compressed gases and to determine the 50% inhibitory pressure (IP5O) and minimum inhibitory pressure (MIP) that is regarded as an index of toxic potency of dissolved gases. It was found that the increase of pressure induced clear inhibitory action on yeast cells, especially for The order of the action was as follows O_2>N_2O>air>Kr>N_2>Ar.oxygen.These results can be applied for a bioassay of various toxic and environmental pollution gases such as NH_3, Cl_2, NOx and SOx. The bioassay is the method to determine the quantity of toxic chemicals using biological materials, microorganisms, plants, fishes, shellfish and mammals. Recently, this assay became to be often used in the field of assessment of environmental pollution, however, gas materials were out of this element, especially when microorganisms are used as biological materials, for the low solubilities of gases into water. The method we proposed settled these problems and can be used for the bioassay of gases.

用微量热计测定了酵母培养物在30℃下培养过程中产生的热量，并绘制了生长热谱图（代谢热-培养时间曲线）。发现放热曲线与培养物的细胞数和浊度的相关性非常好。研究了开放系统中高压气体对酵母生长曲线的影响，并利用生物热分析仪定量分析了高压气体（氮气、空气、氧气、氧化亚氮、氩气和氪气）对酵母生长的抑制作用。利用生长热谱图评价了酵母菌在压缩气体中的微生物活性，并测定了50%抑菌压（IP 50）和最小抑菌压（MIP），作为溶解气体毒性的指标。实验结果表明，压力的增加对酵母细胞有明显的抑制作用，尤其是对酵母细胞，其作用顺序为：O_2>N_2O>空气>Kr>N_2>Ar，氧。生物测定法是利用生物材料、微生物、植物、鱼类、贝类和哺乳动物测定有毒化学品含量的方法。近年来，该方法在环境污染评价领域得到了广泛的应用，但由于气体在水中的溶解度较低，特别是在微生物作为生物材料时，气体材料不在此范围内。本文提出的方法解决了这些问题，可用于气体的生物测定。