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A Cognitive and Functional Linguistic Study on Directionality of Diachronic Changes in Grammatical and Lexical Structures Focusing on Japanese and Korean.

以日语和韩语为中心的语法和词汇结构历时变化方向性的认知和功能语言学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
16520234
负责人：
MORIYA Tetsuharu
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study was to find out regularities in the development of grammatical and lexical structures with special reference to Japanese and Korean. We mainly focused on modal auxiliaries, negation, and continuative aspect adverbs.On modal auxiliaries, we have found that although modal auxiliaries in English and its related languages show developments from deontic to epistemic senses, we cannot find the same directionality in Japanese and Korean. In fact epistemic meanings seem to have been predominant in modal auxiliaries in Old Japanese and they became disambiguated in the course of development. The same is arguably true of Korean. We argued that such difference in directionality of development derives from the difference in source categories of modal auxiliaries. We also argued that cultural-typological factor may also be involved in the disambiguation patterns in Japanese and Korean modal auxiliaries.As for negation, we have shown that while Korean sentential negation developed along the line of Jespersen's cycle, Japanese sentential negation does not show the similar cyclic pattern of development. This is due to the difference in source categories of sentence negators. As Korean recruited an adverbial element, its position is more likely to be affected by functional considerations. On the other hand, as Japanese negator was originally a predicate and Japanese language is rigidly verb-final, it was very unlikely to undergo change of positions or roles according to Jespersen's cycle.Finally, we have pointed out that semantic extension of mada in Japanese and still in English is different and this difference is caused by the difference in the type of meaning original words express. We have also shown that this difference can explain a variety of time-relationship adverb systems not only in Japanese and English, but also in Korean and German.

本研究的目的是找出日语和韩语语法和词汇结构发展的规律。在情态助词方面，我们发现，尽管英语及其相关语言中的情态助词呈现出从道义到认知义的发展，但在日语和韩语中却找不到相同的方向性。事实上，认知意义似乎在古日语情态助词中占据了主导地位，并且在发展过程中逐渐消解了歧义。可以说，韩国也是如此。我们认为，这种发展方向性的差异源于情态助动词来源类别的不同。日语和韩语情态助词的歧义消解模式也可能与文化类型因素有关。至于否定，我们发现韩语句子否定是沿着Jespersen循环的方向发展的，而日语句子否定并没有表现出类似的循环发展模式。这是由于否定句的来源类别不同造成的。由于韩语吸收了状语成分，其位置更容易受到功能因素的影响。另一方面，由于日语否定词原本是一个谓词，而日语是严格的动结式，因此不太可能按照耶斯巴森周期进行位置或角色的转换。最后，我们指出，日语和英语中的Mada的语义延伸是不同的，这种差异是由原词所表达的意义类型的不同造成的。我们还发现，这种差异不仅可以解释日语和英语中的时间关系副词系统，也可以解释韩语和德语中的时间关系副词系统。