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Study on Grammaticalization of Negation: From the viewpoints of Cognitive Linguistics and Linguistic Typology.

否定的语法化研究：从认知语言学和语言类型学的角度来看。

基本信息

批准号：
13610654
负责人：
MORIYA Tetsuharu
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610654/
关键词：
negation grammaticalization linguistic typology Japanese Korean Semantic Typology English Kansai Dialect of Japanese 多層性

项目摘要

1. Study on coexistence of two forms of negation in Japanese and Korean: In Korean, two forms of sentence Negation coexist while in Japanese, there is only one form, although it once had another form in Old Japanese. We have made it clear that this difference is rooted in the Semantic Typological difference of the two languages: Korean tends toward less ambiguity and Japanese tends toward polyfunctionality. Because of the difference, the older form of sentence negation is preserved in Korean, with a slight functional difference from the newer one. On the other hand, Japanese older form of negation is completely displaced by the newer form, which plays more varied roles than that of Korean.2. Study on coexistence of two forms of negation in Kansai Dialect of Japanese: Similar to Korean, Kansai dialect of Japanese has two forms of negation. Be have explicated that the difference of the two forms can be explained based on iconic principles as in the case of Korean.3. Study on correlation between negation and time-relationship adverbs: We have explicated that original meanings of time-relationship adverbs, such as already and still affect whether they can be used in negative sentence. Those originated from concrete concepts such as space cannot occur in the scope of negation while those originated from more abstract concepts such as time can. This tendency is true of all the four languages we have investigated: Japanese, Korean, English, and German. We argued that this is because concrete meaning is incompatible with irrealis meaning of negation. This phenomenon exemplifies the case where the process of grammaticalization is constrained by the original meaning of the root morpheme.

1.日语和韩语两种否定形式并存研究：韩语中否定句有两种形式并存，日语中只有一种形式，但在古日语中否定句曾有另一种形式。我们已经明确指出，这种差异源于两种语言的语义类型差异：韩语倾向于减少歧义，日语倾向于多功能性。由于这种差异，韩国语中保留了较旧的句子否定形式，与较新的句子否定形式略有功能差异。另一方面，日语中的旧否定形式完全被新否定形式所取代，新否定形式所起的作用比韩语中的否定形式更为多样。日语关西方言中两种否定形式共存研究：与韩语类似，日语关西方言也有两种否定形式。本文阐述了两种形式的差异可以用象似性原则来解释，韩国语就是一个例子。否定与时间关系副词的相关性研究：本文阐述了时间关系副词的本义，如已经和仍然，影响其能否用于否定句。源于空间等具体概念的否定不能出现在否定的范围内，而源于时间等抽象概念的否定可以出现在否定的范围内。这种趋势在我们研究的所有四种语言中都是如此：日语，韩语，英语和德语。我们认为这是因为具体意义与否定的非现实意义是不相容的。这一现象说明了词根词素的语法化过程受词根词素本义的制约。