The Influence of the Linguistic Situation of the North-Eastern Eurasia on the Middle Mongolian

欧亚大陆东北部语言形势对中蒙古语的影响

基本信息

批准号：
07610515
负责人：
HIGUCHI Koichi
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07610515/
关键词：
The Mongol Empire Middle Mongolian Language Contact 東北ユーラシアの言語状況

项目摘要

This project aims to clarify the linguistic situation of the Mongols during the reign of the Mongol Empire, namely from the 13th to the 14th century, in view of loanwords of various origins found in the literature of this period. We can see many borrowed forms in the works of this period, especially in the Buddhist literature. Their ultimate origin is Indic and the forms have distorted shapes, which reflects the differences of introducing routes into Mongolic, so we can tell through what paths the Mongols had borrowed them. In some cases, the Mongols introduced them by way of Uighur and in turn the Uighur equivalents were loans from Tocharian ; in some cases the Mongols borrowed them from Tibetan and in other from Chinese. But seemingly loans are not always pure borrowings. Cafeful inspection on the lines of Mongolian versions of Saddharmapundarika, Ratnajali and Gosmgavyakarana shows us the presence of fabricated loanwords ; namely, based on the Tibetan form, the Mongols had produced, according to the general tendencies of the distortions, Uighur-like words which seem to have originated from Indic but are in fact far from pure Uighur loans. This phenomenon is testimony of the linguistic situation with which the Mongols faced during the period under the overwhelming influences of Indic and Uighur.

该项目旨在阐明蒙古帝国统治期间蒙古人的语言状况，即从13世纪到14世纪，鉴于这一时期的文献中发现了各种起源。在这一时期的作品中，尤其是在佛教文学中，我们可以看到许多借来的形式。它们的最终起源是指示的，形式具有扭曲的形状，这反映了将路线引入蒙古的差异，因此我们可以通过蒙古人借了哪些路径来分辨。在某些情况下，蒙古人通过UIGHUR介绍了它们，而Uighur等效物又是Tocharian的贷款。在某些情况下，蒙古人从藏族那里借来了它们，其他人则从中国人那里借来了。但是看来贷款并不总是纯粹的借贷。对Saddharmapundarika，Ratnajali和Gosmgavyakarana的蒙古版本的咖啡馆检查，向我们展示了捏造的借词的存在；也就是说，基于藏族形式，蒙古人根据扭曲的一般趋势产生了类似Uighur的单词，这些单词似乎来自AIND，但实际上远非纯粹的Uighur贷款。这种现象是对蒙古人在AIND和UIGHUR的压倒性影响下面临的语言状况的证词。