Reconstructing Field-firing techniques of Jomon and Yayoi pottery and Hajiki ware pottery.

本研究的目的是建立从生态功能角度分析陶器的方法，重点关注功能效率、耐用性和成本之间的平衡。我们的研究方法独特之处在于：（1）详细观察考古陶瓷中发现的烧制痕迹，（2）一系列现场烧制实验旨在帮助解释考古陶器中发现的各种图案，（3）对稻作农民的田野烧制技术进行了系统的比较研究，以展示覆盖烧制技术的基本结构和变化，本研究的另一个特点是举办了一系列研讨会，向对这类课题感兴趣的考古学家介绍上述研究方法和烧制痕迹分析的诀窍。在两年任期内共举办了8次讲习班。幸运的是，一些考古学家对我们的研究方法产生了兴趣，并在研讨会结束后参与了分析和撰写报告。首先，关于在弥生时代初期从朝鲜半岛开始的有盖燃烧，很明显，西日本的第一批弥生人接受了与朝鲜几乎相同的有盖燃烧技术，因为消耗了相对大量的木柴，稻草覆盖不是很紧。但随着西日本水稻种植业的发展，原始的覆盖式燃烧逐渐向覆盖更紧密、燃料消耗更少的燃烧方式转变，与朝鲜的覆盖式燃烧有了更明显的区别。

The purpose of this research is to establish the method to analyze pots from an ecological- functional viewpoint, focusing on the balance between functional efficiency, durability and cost.Our research method is unique in that it consists of (1)detailed observation of firing traces found in archaeological ceramics, (2)a series of field firing experiments which are designed to help interpret various patterns found in archaeological pots, and (3)systematic comparative studies of paddy-rice farmers' ethnographic field firing techniques, which enables us to demonstrate fundamental structure and variations of covered-firing techniques.Another characteristic of the present study is a series of workshop were held in order to introduce the above research methods and know-how of firing-trace analysis to archaeologists who are interested in this kind of topics. A total of 8 workshops were held during the 2 years term. Fortunately, some archaeologists got interested in our research method, and took part in analyzing and writing reports after the workshops.As a result of these workshop research, the following points have been demonstrated. First, concerning the inception of the covered firing from the Korean Peninsula at the beginning of Yayoi period, it became clear that the first Yayoi people in western Japan accepted the covered firing technique which was almost same as that of Korea in that relatively large amount of firewood were consumed, and the rice-straw cover was not very tight. However, in the course of the development of paddy-rice farming in western Japan, the original covered firing gradually changed into a less-fuel consuming ones with tighter coverage, showing more distinctive differences from Korean covered-firing.