A Study on History of Human Development in " Ie " (Traditional Family) and Home

儿童的教育和人的发展似乎是在日常生活中通过家庭或社区中的各种人际关系来进行的，并受到生活状态的很大影响。研究发现：1)江户时代有丰富的育儿文化，这种养育文化是建立在“以幼为宝”思想基础上的。(2)社群社会的解体，是明治维新后出生的近代学派先行经历的。他们既经历了早期的近代教育，又经历了近代的教育。前者是自我教育或中国文学流派，后者是现代学校教育。此外，互助性的人际关系也是多样而强大的，他们支持上现代学校。3.进入中学被19世纪末以后出生的高学历男性视为人生的转折点。然而，他们选择学校或职业的动机较弱。这标志着高考的体系化。4)就女性而言，很少有网络支持与男性相反的学校出勤率。家庭的经济资本和文化资本决定了他们能否升学。

It seems that the education and the human development of children were carried out through the various human relations in families or communities in daily life, and were greatly influenced by the state of life. This study clarifies how they have changed by the formation and spread of modern school education, with differences in classes, areas or genders.The results are as follows : 1) In the Edo period, there was the plentiful culture of child raising, which was based on the "KODAKARA" thought (children as treasure). 2) The dissolution of communal societies was experienced by the people that were born after the Meiji Restoration and experienced modern school first. They experienced both the early modern education and the modern education. The former is the self-education or Kangaku-Juku (school of Chinese literature), and the later is the modern school education. Moreover, there were various and strong human relations for the mutual aid, and they supported the attending modern school. 3) The entering secondary school was recognized as the turning point in the life by the highly educated males that were born after the end of 19th century. However, they had weak motives for choice of school or career. This indicates the systematization of the entrance examinations. 4) In the case of females, there were few networks that support the school attendance in the contrary to males. The economic capital and the cultural capital of family prescribed whether they could advance to higher school or not.