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A Study on Improving Teaching of Geometry with an Emphasis on Cooperation across Primary and Secondary Schools

以中小学合作为重点改进几何教学的研究

基本信息

批准号：
16530578
负责人：
KUNIMUNE Susumu
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16530578/
关键词：
mathematics education teaching geometry teaching space and shape arithmetic education spatial concept teaching geometry in England proof

项目摘要

1. The purpose of this research is to recommend improving teaching of geometry.2. We find there are few students who can draw a sketch exactly in sixth grade, and indicate the importance of teaching projective idea treated 3-D shapes. Moreover, we analyze the contents of Shape, space and measures in The National Curriculum for England and National Numeracy Strategy, and clarify, for example, the characteristic the symmetry of figures are taught from lower grade of primary school in UK.3. We divide twelve years to three periods across primary and secondary schools ; the first period is from year 1^<st> to forth, the second is from fifth to eighth, and the third is from ninth to twelfth. Then, we propose 17 recommendations for improving teaching of geometry with an emphasis on cooperation across primary and secondary schools; we here show eight items of 17, which are for the second period.Pupils should be taught to(3) understand congruence and similarity of plane figures in the second period.(4) get close to shapes of symmetry from the first period.(5) understand the concepts of figures, and raise their interest about it through learning the measures of figures.(6) be attached greater importance to drawing and reading sketches.(7) analyze 3-D shapes positively through 2-D projections, cross-section, and expanding.(8) use parallel lines and angles, the angle sum of a polygon in year seven; these are placed in the content of reasoning.(9) understand the differences between the way of practical demonstrations and proofs.(10) be attached greater importance to constructing first, and then proving.

1.本研究的目的在于提出改进几何教学的建议.通过对小学六年级学生素描教学的调查，发现学生能准确地画出素描的比例很小，说明了在教学中对立体图形进行投影教学的重要性。此外，我们还分析了英国国家课程和国家算术策略中的形状、空间和度量的内容，并阐明了英国从小学低年级开始教授图形对称性的特点.我们把小学和中学的十二年分为三个阶段;第一阶段是从一年级到四年级<st>，第二阶段是从五年级到八年级，第三阶段是从九年级到十二年级。在此基础上，我们提出了17条改进几何教学的建议，重点是中小学之间的合作，在此列出了第二阶段的8条建议。第二阶段应教会学生（3）理解平面图形的全等性和相似性。(4)从第一个周期开始接近对称的形状。(5)了解数字的概念，并通过学习数字的度量来提高学生对数字的兴趣。(6)要更加重视画和阅读草图。(7)通过2-D投影、横截面和扩展积极分析3-D形状。(8)利用平行线和角度，一个多边形的角度和在一年七;这些都放在推理的内容。(9)理解实际演示和证明方式的区别。(10)要更加重视先建设、后论证。