A study on perception of ambient visual information while moving

这是对自然环境中环境感知性质的基础性研究，它是在我们的日常生活中不需要特别努力地进行的。我们倾向于将视觉感知与注意并注视对象的行为联系在一起。它是主观眼睛和客观目标的共同结构。然而，这种二元结构并不一定适用于环境感知。人类总是被环境包围着，总是能看到它，也就是说，不断地在不知不觉中、自动地从环境中接收视觉信息。我们称这种信息为“环境视觉信息”。虽然它在环境感知中的重要性已经被指出，但很少有实验研究关注它。本研究的目的是考察环境视觉信息在穿越外部空间的自然情况下是如何变化的。由于很难让受试者直接报告无意识过程，…更多的是采用间接的方法。受试者在沿着给定路线移动时，不断评估对周围环境的压迫感。另一方面，来自沿线环境的环境视觉信息被描述为各种变量(如周围建筑的立体角度)。我们的先例研究表明，这两个变量是相关的，即压迫感反映了对周围视觉信息的感知。本研究详细分析了这两个变量之间的关系，并研究了环境视觉信息知觉是如何随着空间构成的顺序变化而变化的。通过在真实空间和虚拟空间中的两个实验发现，在“向建筑靠近”、“空间对称打开”和“空间不对称打开”三种情况下，其感知都集中在每个特定的方向和程度。这一结果表明，运动中的人改变了环境视觉信息被动态感知的方向和程度。这些变化是由空间构成的变化引起的，这一事实表明，这种无意识的环境感知过程起到了平稳移动和警示隐藏危险的作用。本研究揭示的只是环境视觉信息感知的一个性质。然而，值得注意的是，一种新的实验范式被提出用于未来对自然情境下的环境感知的研究。较少

This is fundamental study on the nature of environmental perception in the natural situation, which is performed without particular effort in our daily lives. We tend to associate visual perception with an act of paying attention to an object and looking at it. It is the common structure of subjective eye and objective target. This dualistic structure, however, doesn't necessarily apply to environmental perception. Human is always surrounded by the environment and always see it, in other words, keeps on receiving the visual information from it unconsciously and automatically. We call such information "ambient visual information". Though importance of it in environmental perception has been pointed out, few experimental studies have focused on it. The purpose of this study is to investigate how perception of ambient visual information changes in the natural situation of moving through an exterior space.Since it is difficult to have subjects report about unconscious process directly, the … More following indirect approach was employed. The subjects continuously rated the sense of oppression against surroundings while moving along the given route. On the other hand, ambient visual information from surroundings along the route was described as various variables (such as solid angle of surrounding buildings). Our precedent research has showed that the both variables correlate, that is, sense of oppression reflects perception of ambient visual information. In this study, the relationship between the both variables was analyzed in detail, and how perception of ambient visual information changes with sequential changes of spatial composition was researched. It was found through two experiments in actual space and virtual space that its perception concentrated to each specific direction and extent in three kinds of situation of "Approach to a building forward", "Space opens symmetrically" and "Space opens asymmetrically". This result shows that human in locomotion shifts the direction and extent where ambient visual information is perceived dynamically. The fact that the shifts are caused by changes of spatial composition suggests that this unconscious process of environmental perception functions for moving smoothly and alerting to hidden danger.What this study revealed is only one nature of perception of ambient visual information. Nonetheless, it is notable that a new experimental paradigm has been proposed for future study on environmental perception in natural situation. Less