Plant molecular breeding with the modified metabolic capacity of transitory starch for increase of biomass resources

改变暂时性淀粉代谢能力的植物分子育种以增加生物量资源

• 批准号: 16580069
• 负责人: ITO Hiroyuki
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16580069/
• 关键词: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; transitory starch; transgenic plants; mutated enzymes; allosteric regulation; 同化デンプン合成; アロステリック調節; starch-branching enzyme

Plants have the ability to convert light energy to chemical energy and to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide by using the chemical energy. It is very important in the survival of plants to utilize the photoassimilate efficiently. It is generally known that the photosynthetic capacity is positively correlated with the accumulation of transitory starch. Therefore, to reinforce the metabolic capacity of transitory starch is expected to lead elevation of the photosynthetic capacity, the growth and the productivity. We have employed the modification of allosteric properties of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), which is the key enzyme of plant starch biosynthesis. Arabidopsis plants with modified allosteric AGPase showed the increase of metabolic capacity of transitory starch and thereby the plant growth. The aim in this study was to obtain the basic data for the improvement of rice plant productivity.1.Expression of AGPase that is insensitive to known allosteric moleculesAGPase from Bacillus stearothermophillus is insensitive to known allosteric molecules. In this study, the gene for B.stearothermophillus AGPase (BsAGP) was introduced into Arabidopsis plants that is deficient in the leaf AGPase isoform. The AGPase activity and transitory starch levels in transgenic plants recovered only to the same levels as wild-type plants, indicating that BsAGP is regulated by unknown molecules in plants.2.Organ-specific expression profiles of the genes for rice AGPase subunitsAnalysis of RT-PCR products showed that 6 rice AGPase genes expressed differently in several organs. One of the 6 genes generated two transcripts by alteenative splicing, whose proteins located in different subcellular compartments, cytosol and amyloplasts.3.Expression pattern of the candidate gene for rice ADP-glucose transporterAnalysis of RT-PCR products indicated that the transcripts for the candidate of rice ADP-glucose transporter accumulates predominantly in endosperms.

植物有能力将光能转化为化学能，并利用化学能固定大气中的二氧化碳。光同化物的有效利用对植物的生存至关重要。众所周知，光合能力与瞬时淀粉的积累呈正相关。因此，加强过渡淀粉的代谢能力有望导致光合能力的提高、生长和生产力的提高。对植物淀粉合成的关键酶adp -葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGPase）的变构特性进行了修饰。经修饰的AGPase修饰的拟南芥植株瞬时淀粉代谢能力提高，从而促进植株生长。本研究的目的是为提高水稻植株生产力提供基础资料。对已知变构分子不敏感的AGPase的表达来自嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的AGPase对已知的变构分子不敏感。本研究将嗜热嗜脂杆菌AGPase （BsAGP）基因导入叶片AGPase亚型缺乏的拟南芥植株。转基因植株的AGPase活性和瞬时淀粉水平仅恢复到野生型植株的水平，表明BsAGP受植物中未知分子的调控。水稻AGPase亚基基因的器官特异性表达谱RT-PCR产物分析显示，6个水稻AGPase基因在不同器官中表达不同。其中一个基因通过选择性剪接产生了两个转录本，其蛋白位于不同的亚细胞区室、细胞质和淀粉质体中。水稻adp -葡萄糖转运候选基因的表达模式RT-PCR产物分析表明，水稻adp -葡萄糖转运候选基因的转录本主要在胚乳中积累。

项目成果

Starch properties of the saga palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) in different soils

不同土壤中萨加棕榈 (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) 的淀粉特性

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 59(3)
• 作者: Nozaki;K.;et al.;H.Ito et al.;N.Isono et al.;K.Nozaki et al.
• 通讯作者: K.Nozaki et al.

Occurrence of multiple forms for starch synthase II isozyme in developing seeds of kidney bean.

芸豆种子发育过程中淀粉合酶 II 同工酶多种形式的出现。

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Glycoscience 51 (2)
• 作者: Isono;N.;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.

Enhanced turnover of transitory starch by expression of up-regulated ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases in Arabidopsis thaliana

• DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.07.019
• 发表时间: 2006-01-01
• 期刊: PLANT SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Obana, Y;Omoto, D;Ito, H
• 通讯作者: Ito, H

Characterization of starch synthase I and II expressed in early developing seeds of kidney bean (Pheseolus vulgaris L.)

芸豆 (Pheseolus vulgaris L.) 早期发育种子中表达的淀粉合酶 I 和 II 的特性

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 68(9)
• 作者: Nozaki;K.;et al.;H.Ito et al.;N.Isono et al.;K.Nozaki et al.;T.Senoura et al.
• 通讯作者: T.Senoura et al.

Characterization of Starch Synthase I and II Expressed in Early Developing Seeds of Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

芸豆 (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 早期发育种子中表达的淀粉合酶 I 和 II 的表征

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 68(9)
• 作者: Takahashi;A;Yumiko Obana et al.;Takeshi Senoura eet al.
• 通讯作者: Takeshi Senoura eet al.