Fabrication of scaffolds made of bioresorbable polymer for bone and cartilage regeneration and its bone reconstruction using transplantation with the blood vessel pattern.

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The purposes of this study are (1) to fabricate scaffold with bioresorbable polymer for bone and cartilage regeneration and (2) to evaluate bone regeneration by the bioresorbable polymer scaffold and cultured bone marrow cells in vivo.Porous bioresorbable polymer scaffold was fabricated by solvent-casting particulate leaching methods : after poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)(75/25) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution was poured into a mold filled up with the various sizes (0.6, 1.0, 2.0 mm) of sucrose crystals. Then, the mold was transferred to a fridge at -18℃ for 1h to set the mixture. The PLGA was precipitated and the sugar crystals were leached out of the precipitated PLGA in distilled water. The specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy. As the result, the PLGA madoreporite (PLGA) had continuous pores, and the pore size increased with the crystal size of sucrose. This result indicates that average diameter of diameter of the pore and porosity of … More PLGA could be adjusted by the crystal size. We also fabricated porous bioresorbable polymer scaffold (CHAp-PLGA) with osteoconductivity by mixing low crystalline carbonate apatite particles into PLGA (75/25).The rat bone marrow cells were seeded into CHAp-PLGA (CHAp-PLGA with cells) and, then cultured in medium supplemented with ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone for 2 weeks. PLGA, CHAp-PLGA and CHAp-PLGA with cells were implanted into 7-week-old syngeneic rats. The osteogenesis in vivo was histologically evaluated at 3, 8 weeks after the implantation. Although no bone formation was observed in PLGA, new bone formation was seen in CHAp-PLGA and CHAp-PLGA with cells. In the case of CHAp-PLGA with cells, the larger amount of bone was formed more rapidly than CHAp-PLGA without cells.As a conclusion, CHAp-PLGA seemed to become a promising alternative of the scaffold for bone and cartilage regeneration. Further studies of the long-term resorption of CHAp-PLGA and stability of the formed bone will be needed. Less