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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TOWN PLANNING AND URBAN ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND GERMANY IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES

19世纪末20世纪初英、德城镇规划和城市管理体系比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
16610003
负责人：
BABA Satoshi
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. At the turn of the 20th century Germany had much influences on Britain in the various areas (social insurance, the education system and town planning). At the same time, Britain had also exported the concept of Garden City to other countries including Germany. Indeed, this was a period in which international exchange on town planning became vigorous. The research focuses on the perception of T.C.Horsfall (Manchester) and J.S.Nettlefold (Birmingham) on the German urban system and policy, and tries to compare with the urban policy in Frankfurt on the Main under F.Adickes and his theory on town planning.2. The conclusions are as follows : (1) the ideas and thoughts of Adickes, Horsfall and Nettlefold on urban system and town planning had a lot in common. The two English reformers were supposed not to be inspired by German urban system, but rather to propose its introduction simply because he found some ideal elements in the German system. (2) there was however a great distance between the real German urban system and the English perception. Horsfall proposed the introduction of a salaried mayor and councillors into British urban government. But the progressiveness and efficiency of urban policy and administration in Frankfurt were influenced also by the activities and thoughts of liberal or social democratic councillors along with Adickes' energetic activities. They were competitive rather than monolithic. For these reasons, the British perception of German urban system and policy was quite selective. Nevertheless it had actually influences on the town planning movement in Britain at that period.

1.在20世纪之交，德国在各个领域(社会保险、教育制度和城市规划)对英国产生了很大影响。与此同时，英国也向包括德国在内的其他国家输出了花园城市的概念。事实上，这是一个城市规划国际交流蓬勃发展的时期。本研究的重点是曼彻斯特的霍斯费尔和伯明翰的奈特福尔德对德国城市体系和政策的看法，并试图从总体上与阿迪克斯及其城市规划理论下的法兰克福的城市政策进行比较。主要结论如下：(1)阿迪克斯、霍斯费尔和奈特福尔德关于城市体系和城镇规划的观点和思想有许多共同之处。这两位英国改革者本不应该受到德国城市制度的启发，而只是因为他在德国制度中找到了一些理想的元素，才提议引入德国的城市制度。(2)然而，真实的德国城市体系与英国人的看法之间有很大的距离。霍斯法尔提议在英国城市政府中引入一名受薪市长和议员。但法兰克福城市政策和管理的进步性和效率也受到自由派或社会民主党议员的活动和思想以及阿迪克斯精力充沛的活动的影响。它们是竞争性的，而不是铁板一块的。出于这些原因，英国人对德国城市体系和政策的看法是相当有选择性的。然而，它实际上对当时的英国城市规划运动产生了影响。