Biofeedback research on sustained attention mechanism and its trainability for the enhancement of athletic performance

本研究旨在探讨运动员的注意机制，并探讨可训练性的生物反馈策略，以帮助运动员取得优异的成绩。在第一个实验中，呼吸功能和注意力的不自主变化之间的关系，为各种运动员，称为开放的技能系统，进行了调查，以澄清的注意力机制，竞争的表现，并探讨生物反馈技术的适用性的可能性。本实验采用合作任务的方法，对团队运动中的运动成绩进行情境假设。获得了沿着状况是注意能力重要组成部分的心理生理学证据。体极拳呼吸法和逆腹式呼吸法是降低状态焦虑、保持注意力水平和唤醒水平的最佳方法。实验二采用事件相关电位（CNV和PINV）研究了运动应激条件下的注意变异性。结果表明，CNV是一个很好的应激焦虑指标，而PINV是一个很好的注意持续性指标。此外，这些指标反映了注意的两种功能，即选择性和持续性。在运动场上进行了解释注意对行为控制作用的实用方法。在更长的时间里，用触摸进行锻炼的受试者很容易保持他们的注意力水平。触摸的功能性运动似乎适合注意力水平和/或唤醒水平。

The purpose of this study was to examine the attention mechanism and to consider the biofeedback strategies of trainability for athletes to achieve the high performance. At the first experiment, the relationship between breathing function and involuntary variability of attention for various sports players, called open skill system, was investigated to clarify the attention mechanism for competitive performance and to explore the possibility of biofeedback technical applicability. Cooperative tasks were used in this experiment to assume the situation of athletic performance in team sports. The psychophysiological evidences of the condition of getting along just fine which was important components of attention ability were obtained. TijiQuan breathing method and reverse abdominal breathing method were the best ways of decreasing state anxiety and keeping attention level as well as arousal level. These findings showed that breathing, EEG, and heart rate as an index of sport anxiety should be integrated into biofeedback system.At the second experiment, event-related potentials, CNV and PINV, were measured to demonstrate the attention variability under competitive stress conditions. The results showed that CNV was a good index of stress anxiety, while PINV was a good index of sustainability of attention. Furthermore, those indexes reflected the two functions of attention, selective and sustained. Practical approach to explain the role of attention for behavior control was conducted at exercise yard. Subjects who did exercise with touch easily maintained their attention level during the more prolonged time. Functional movements with touch seem appropriate for attention level and /or arousal level.