Biofeedback research on sustained attention mechanism and its trainability for the enhancement of athletic performance

本研究的目的是考察运动员的注意机制，并考虑运动员训练能力的生物反馈策略，以达到高成绩。在第一个实验中，研究了不同运动项目的运动员的呼吸功能与注意的无意识变化之间的关系，即开放式技能系统，以阐明注意对竞技表现的影响机制，并探索生物反馈技术应用的可能性。本实验采用合作任务假设团队运动项目中运动成绩的情境。获得了作为注意力能力重要组成部分的良好相处状态的心理生理学证据。体位呼吸法和反向腹呼吸法是降低状态焦虑、保持注意水平和唤醒水平的最好方法。这些结果表明，呼吸、脑电和心率作为运动焦虑的指标应该被整合到生物反馈系统中。在第二个实验中，我们测量了事件相关电位CNV和PINV，以证明在竞争应激条件下注意的变异性。结果表明，CNV是一个很好的应激焦虑指标，而PINV是一个很好的注意可持续性指标。此外，这些指标还反映了注意的选择性和持续性两种功能。在运动场采用了一种实用的方法来解释注意在行为控制中的作用。触觉锻炼的受试者在更长的时间内很容易保持注意力水平。带有触摸的功能性动作似乎适合于注意力水平和/或唤醒水平。

The purpose of this study was to examine the attention mechanism and to consider the biofeedback strategies of trainability for athletes to achieve the high performance. At the first experiment, the relationship between breathing function and involuntary variability of attention for various sports players, called open skill system, was investigated to clarify the attention mechanism for competitive performance and to explore the possibility of biofeedback technical applicability. Cooperative tasks were used in this experiment to assume the situation of athletic performance in team sports. The psychophysiological evidences of the condition of getting along just fine which was important components of attention ability were obtained. TijiQuan breathing method and reverse abdominal breathing method were the best ways of decreasing state anxiety and keeping attention level as well as arousal level. These findings showed that breathing, EEG, and heart rate as an index of sport anxiety should be integrated into biofeedback system.At the second experiment, event-related potentials, CNV and PINV, were measured to demonstrate the attention variability under competitive stress conditions. The results showed that CNV was a good index of stress anxiety, while PINV was a good index of sustainability of attention. Furthermore, those indexes reflected the two functions of attention, selective and sustained. Practical approach to explain the role of attention for behavior control was conducted at exercise yard. Subjects who did exercise with touch easily maintained their attention level during the more prolonged time. Functional movements with touch seem appropriate for attention level and /or arousal level.