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Psychophysiological study on sustained attention mechanism and its trainability in competitive situation of sports plyers

运动运动员竞技情境中持续注意机制及其可训练性的心理生理研究

基本信息

批准号：
09680106
负责人：
SAKUMA Haruo
金额：
$ 2.69万
依托单位：
Nara Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the sustained attention mechanism and its trainability in competitive situation of sports players. At first attentional style for various sports players was identified by utilizing the Test of Attention and Interpersonal Style (TAIS) and Association-Disociation Test. The results showed to be important for ball-game pliers to acquire the divided attention ability and to be existence of short-term rhythmicites in sustained attention. The second, the effectiveness of exercise was investigated from psychophysiological standpoints by using event related potential (ERP). The latency P300 was shortened and the amplitude was enlarged after subjective-optimal paced 30 minutes exercise. These results were intepreted in terms of attention mechanism of brain activity. The third, attention-anxiety relationship was investigated on university tennis players through competition. The players, rated the high value of anxiety scale, showed higher heart rate, respiration rate, and narrower attention than the low rate-players. The last, EMG biofeedback training was employed to identify the useful facilitating procedure for training in attention. After 3 months biofeedback training, subjects acquired the relaxation response and sustainable attention ability.The results of this study showed that the ability to focus and sustain the attention on the requirements of match situation was acquired by training, especially biofeedback one.

本研究旨在探讨运动员在竞技状态下的持续注意机制及其可训练性。首先，采用注意与人际风格测验(TAIS)和联想-分离测验对不同类型运动员的注意风格进行了识别。结果表明，持续注意中短时节律的存在对球钳获得分散注意能力具有重要意义。其次，运用事件相关电位(ERP)从心理生理学的角度考察了运动的有效性。主观最佳起搏30min运动后P300潜伏期缩短，波幅增大。这些结果从大脑活动的注意机制方面得到了解释。第三，通过比赛考察了大学生网球运动员的注意-焦虑关系。被评为焦虑量表高值的运动员表现出较高的心率、呼吸频率和较低的注意力集中。最后，使用肌电生物反馈训练来确定注意训练的有效促进程序。经过3个月的生物反馈训练，受试者获得了放松反应和持续注意能力。研究结果表明，通过训练获得了对比赛情境要求的注意力集中和持续注意的能力，尤其是生物反馈能力。