Psychophysiological study on sustained attention mechanism and its trainability in competitive situation of sports plyers

摘要本研究旨在探讨运动员在竞技情境下的持续注意机制及其可训练性。首先利用注意与人际风格测验（TAIS）和联想-分离测验对不同运动运动员的注意风格进行了识别。结果表明，球类钳子的分离注意能力的获得和持续注意中短期节律的存在是重要的。其次，运用事件相关电位（ERP）从心理生理学角度考察运动的有效性。主观最优配速运动30分钟后，潜伏期P300缩短，幅度增大。这些结果可以从大脑活动的注意机制来解释。第三，通过比赛对大学生网球运动员的注意-焦虑关系进行调查。得分高的参与者比得分低的参与者表现出更高的心率、呼吸频率和更窄的注意力。最后，采用肌电生物反馈训练来确定注意力训练的有用促进程序。经过3个月的生物反馈训练，受试者获得放松反应和持续注意能力。本研究结果表明，通过训练，特别是生物反馈训练，获得了对比赛情境要求的集中和持续注意力的能力。

The purpose of this study was to examine the sustained attention mechanism and its trainability in competitive situation of sports players. At first attentional style for various sports players was identified by utilizing the Test of Attention and Interpersonal Style (TAIS) and Association-Disociation Test. The results showed to be important for ball-game pliers to acquire the divided attention ability and to be existence of short-term rhythmicites in sustained attention. The second, the effectiveness of exercise was investigated from psychophysiological standpoints by using event related potential (ERP). The latency P300 was shortened and the amplitude was enlarged after subjective-optimal paced 30 minutes exercise. These results were intepreted in terms of attention mechanism of brain activity. The third, attention-anxiety relationship was investigated on university tennis players through competition. The players, rated the high value of anxiety scale, showed higher heart rate, respiration rate, and narrower attention than the low rate-players. The last, EMG biofeedback training was employed to identify the useful facilitating procedure for training in attention. After 3 months biofeedback training, subjects acquired the relaxation response and sustainable attention ability.The results of this study showed that the ability to focus and sustain the attention on the requirements of match situation was acquired by training, especially biofeedback one.