Comparative study (Italy and Japan) for the social reconstruction of the market promoted by non profit and cooperative sector

欧盟社会尊重“向知识社会转型”、“反对贫困和社会排斥”、“积极的劳动政策”、“重建社会保障制度”等理念，发展了社会经济一体化。然而，正如我们所看到的吉登斯对“第三条道路”的批判，这些不仅是欧洲公民支持的民主的重要结果，也是对市场导向价值的一种妥协。我想说明的是，在上述分析的基础上，欧盟的地方社区已经发展出了自己的模式来应对困难或矛盾，以减少贫困和社会排斥，利用非营利组织和合作社的组织。我的研究重点是意大利的案例。在他们的《国家计划》和《地方行动计划》中，显示了穷人、残疾人、移民、无家可归者和各种少数民族的绝对贫困风险越来越大，他们非常重视合作社和非营利组织来解决贫困和社会排斥问题。可以说，这是一种国家责任的回避，但另一方面，我观察到，公民及其联合运动推动的解决方案是有效的，首先减少了被排斥者的困难，其次，在他们的地方社区层面上，重构了市场导向结构的规则，即使变化很小。例如，在他们的联合实践的基础上，他们组织了联盟，交流经验，提出地方政策，如地区法律或地方政府与企业和非营利组织之间的协议，通过这种方式，他们之间的对话和共识得到了发展，除了具有标记导向的价值。306个单词

EU society, respecting the philosophy like "transformation into the intellectual society", "contest against the poverty and social exclusion", "active labor policy", "reconstruction of the social security system", has developed their social and economy integration. These, however, as we see the critical arguments about "Third Way" (Giddens), are not only the important results of the European democracy supported by their citizen but also a kind of the compromise to the market-oriented value. I'd like to show that, based on the analysis like above, the local communities in EU have developed their own models coping with the difficulties or the contradiction, in order to reduce the poverty and social exclusion, utilizing the organization of non-profit and cooperatives.I especially focused my research on the Italian case. In their National Plan and Local Action Plan, showing that the risk among the poor, the handicapped, the immigrants, the homeless and the various kind of minorities the absolute poverty has become bigger and that they put the grate importance on the cooperative and non-profit organizations to resolve the problem of the poverty and social exclusion.It can be said that this is a kind of the withdrawal of responsibility of the states, but on the other hand I observed that the solution promoted by the citizen and their associative movement is efficient, firstly to reduce the difficulties of the edcluded people and secondly to reconstruct the rule of the market-oriented structure even if the changes are small, at the level of their local community. For example based on their associative practice, they organized the consortium to exchange their experience and to propose the local policy like the regional law or the agreements among the local government and the enterprises and the organizations of non-profit, by which the dialogue and consensus among them has been developed, apart form the marked-oriented value. 306 words