Comparative study (Italy and Japan) for the social reconstruction of the market promoted by non profit and cooperative sector

欧盟社会在“向知识社会转型”、“与贫困和社会排斥作斗争”、“积极的劳动政策”、“重建社会保障体系”等理念的指导下，发展了社会经济一体化。然而，在我们看来，吉登斯关于“第三条道路”的批判性论证，既是欧洲民主在其公民支持下的重要成果，也是对市场导向价值的一种妥协。在此基础上，本文着重分析了欧盟地方社区在解决贫困和社会排斥问题上的一些模式，即利用非营利组织和合作社的形式来解决困难和矛盾，尤其是意大利的情况。他们在《国家计划》和《地方行动计划》中指出，穷人、残疾人、移民、无家可归者和各种少数民族的绝对贫困风险加大，他们非常重视合作和非营利组织来解决贫困和社会排斥问题，可以说这是国家责任的一种退缩，但另一方面，我观察到，公民及其联合运动推动的解决方案是有效的，首先是减少了被排斥者的困难，其次是在当地社区层面上重建了市场导向结构的规则，即使变化很小。例如，他们在交往实践的基础上，组织联盟交流经验，提出地方政府与企业、非营利组织之间的地方政策，如地方法律或协议，在市场导向的价值观之外，发展了它们之间的对话和共识。306字

EU society, respecting the philosophy like "transformation into the intellectual society", "contest against the poverty and social exclusion", "active labor policy", "reconstruction of the social security system", has developed their social and economy integration. These, however, as we see the critical arguments about "Third Way" (Giddens), are not only the important results of the European democracy supported by their citizen but also a kind of the compromise to the market-oriented value. I'd like to show that, based on the analysis like above, the local communities in EU have developed their own models coping with the difficulties or the contradiction, in order to reduce the poverty and social exclusion, utilizing the organization of non-profit and cooperatives.I especially focused my research on the Italian case. In their National Plan and Local Action Plan, showing that the risk among the poor, the handicapped, the immigrants, the homeless and the various kind of minorities the absolute poverty has become bigger and that they put the grate importance on the cooperative and non-profit organizations to resolve the problem of the poverty and social exclusion.It can be said that this is a kind of the withdrawal of responsibility of the states, but on the other hand I observed that the solution promoted by the citizen and their associative movement is efficient, firstly to reduce the difficulties of the edcluded people and secondly to reconstruct the rule of the market-oriented structure even if the changes are small, at the level of their local community. For example based on their associative practice, they organized the consortium to exchange their experience and to propose the local policy like the regional law or the agreements among the local government and the enterprises and the organizations of non-profit, by which the dialogue and consensus among them has been developed, apart form the marked-oriented value. 306 words