Comparative study (Italy and Japan) for the social reconstruction of the market promoted by non profit and cooperative sector

欧盟社会尊重“向知识社会转型”、“与贫困和社会排斥作斗争”、“积极的劳动政策”、“重建社会保障体系”等理念，实现了社会经济一体化。然而，正如我们所看到的，关于第三条道路(吉登斯)的批判性争论，不仅是欧洲民主得到其公民支持的重要结果，也是对以市场为导向的价值观的一种妥协。我想说明的是，在上述分析的基础上，欧盟的地方社区已经形成了自己的应对困难或矛盾的模式，以减少贫困和社会排斥，利用非营利组织和合作社，我特别将研究集中在意大利的案例上。在他们的国家计划和地方行动计划中，显示穷人、残疾人、移民、无家可归者和各种少数群体的绝对贫困风险变大，他们非常重视合作社和非营利组织解决贫困和社会排斥问题。这可以说是国家的一种责任推卸，但另一方面我观察到，公民及其联合运动推动的解决方案是有效的，首先是减少被纳入者的困难，其次是重建市场化结构的规则，即使变化很小。在他们当地社区的层面上。例如，他们根据自己的联合实践，组织联合体交流经验，提出地方性政策，如地区性法律或地方政府与企业和非营利组织之间的协议，通过这些政策，在市场导向的价值之外，促进了它们之间的对话和共识。306字

EU society, respecting the philosophy like "transformation into the intellectual society", "contest against the poverty and social exclusion", "active labor policy", "reconstruction of the social security system", has developed their social and economy integration. These, however, as we see the critical arguments about "Third Way" (Giddens), are not only the important results of the European democracy supported by their citizen but also a kind of the compromise to the market-oriented value. I'd like to show that, based on the analysis like above, the local communities in EU have developed their own models coping with the difficulties or the contradiction, in order to reduce the poverty and social exclusion, utilizing the organization of non-profit and cooperatives.I especially focused my research on the Italian case. In their National Plan and Local Action Plan, showing that the risk among the poor, the handicapped, the immigrants, the homeless and the various kind of minorities the absolute poverty has become bigger and that they put the grate importance on the cooperative and non-profit organizations to resolve the problem of the poverty and social exclusion.It can be said that this is a kind of the withdrawal of responsibility of the states, but on the other hand I observed that the solution promoted by the citizen and their associative movement is efficient, firstly to reduce the difficulties of the edcluded people and secondly to reconstruct the rule of the market-oriented structure even if the changes are small, at the level of their local community. For example based on their associative practice, they organized the consortium to exchange their experience and to propose the local policy like the regional law or the agreements among the local government and the enterprises and the organizations of non-profit, by which the dialogue and consensus among them has been developed, apart form the marked-oriented value. 306 words