Developmental and Clinical Study of body Schema and Self Cognition in Children with Mild Developmental Disorders

在本研究中，我们首先讨论了身体图式的特点（特别是动作协调和人物画;详细介绍了11种典型笨拙测验的技术、观察要点、年龄标准及临床意义（软神经体征），除了利手的发展的临床意义。基于这些讨论和描述的背景，我们计划并执行了以下三种类型的调查，即（1）在执行Rey-Osterrieth复杂图形（ROCF）和人类绘画测试期间观察到的正常儿童的运动协调发展，（2）精细和粗大运动测试的表现（手指顺序、横动、脚跟-脚趾敲击、静态平衡、动态平衡和手指失认）（3）正常儿童、青少年和老年人的体像概念各亚类（人体绘画和体像满意度）之间的关系。结果表明：（1）轻度残疾儿童ROCF和人体绘画测验的实施程序和组织策略应予以考虑;（2）大运动测验（如足跟-脚趾敲击和动态平衡）比精细运动测验更能反映与身体图式受损有关的细微运动异常;（3）作为身体图式概念一部分的身体意象各子集之间没有一致的关系。

In this research, we firstly discussed the characteristics of the body schema(especially motor coordination and the human figure drawing; representatives of the body schema) in children with mild developmental disorders and next described in detail the technique, observation points, age-criteria and clinical significance of typical 11 kinds of tests of clumsiness (soft neurological signs), in addition to a clinical significance of the development of the handedness. Based on a context of these discussion and description, we planed and executed the following 3 types of investigations, there were about (1)development of the motor coordination observed during the execution of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure(ROCF) and the Human Drawing tests in normal children,(2) performance on the fine and gross motor tests(finger sequencing, diadochokinesis, heel-toe tapping, static balance, dynamic balance and finger agnosia) in children with mild developmental disorders (Asperger's syndrome, High function autism, ADHD, LD), and (3)relationship among subsets of the body image concept(the human drawing and the satisfaction of the body image) in normal children, adolescents and the elderly. From the results of these investigations, we oticed that (1)we should consider the administration procedures and the organization strategies on the ROCF and Human Drawing tests administered to the mild disabled children, (2)the gross motor tests such as the heel-toe tapping and dynamic balance are more sensitive to some subtle motor abnormalities concerned with a damage of the body schema rather than the fine motor tests, (3)there is no consistent relationship among the subsets of the body image which is considered as a part of the body schema concept.