Developmental and Clinical Study of body Schema and Self Cognition in Children with Mild Developmental Disorders

本研究首先讨论了轻度发育障碍儿童的身体图式(特别是动作协调和人物画像；身体图式的代表)的特点，然后详细介绍了11种典型的笨拙测试(软神经体征)的技术、观察点、年龄标准和临床意义，以及利手障碍发生的临床意义。在这些讨论和描述的基础上，我们计划和执行了以下三种类型的调查：(1)正常儿童在执行Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure(ROCF)和人体绘画测试时观察到的运动协调性的发展；(2)轻度发育障碍(Asperger‘s综合征、高功能自闭症、ADHD、LD)儿童的精细和粗略运动测试(手指排序、重定向、脚跟-脚趾敲击、静态平衡、动态平衡和手指失认)的表现，(3)正常儿童、青少年和老年人的身体意象概念亚群(人体绘画和身体意象满意度)之间的关系。根据调查结果，我们认为：(1)轻度残疾儿童ROCF和人体绘画测试的管理程序和组织策略；(2)大运动测试，如脚跟-脚趾敲击和动态平衡测试，对一些与身体图式损伤有关的细微运动异常更敏感，而不是精细运动测试；(3)作为身体图式概念一部分的身体意象的子集之间没有一致的关系。

In this research, we firstly discussed the characteristics of the body schema(especially motor coordination and the human figure drawing; representatives of the body schema) in children with mild developmental disorders and next described in detail the technique, observation points, age-criteria and clinical significance of typical 11 kinds of tests of clumsiness (soft neurological signs), in addition to a clinical significance of the development of the handedness. Based on a context of these discussion and description, we planed and executed the following 3 types of investigations, there were about (1)development of the motor coordination observed during the execution of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure(ROCF) and the Human Drawing tests in normal children,(2) performance on the fine and gross motor tests(finger sequencing, diadochokinesis, heel-toe tapping, static balance, dynamic balance and finger agnosia) in children with mild developmental disorders (Asperger's syndrome, High function autism, ADHD, LD), and (3)relationship among subsets of the body image concept(the human drawing and the satisfaction of the body image) in normal children, adolescents and the elderly. From the results of these investigations, we oticed that (1)we should consider the administration procedures and the organization strategies on the ROCF and Human Drawing tests administered to the mild disabled children, (2)the gross motor tests such as the heel-toe tapping and dynamic balance are more sensitive to some subtle motor abnormalities concerned with a damage of the body schema rather than the fine motor tests, (3)there is no consistent relationship among the subsets of the body image which is considered as a part of the body schema concept.