Complaints and Appeals system against the external evaluation for the educational institutions in the UK

本研究旨在(1)厘清英国中小学及高等教育系统对教育机构外部评估投诉程序的制度及功能，(2)厘清投诉制度建立的历史，以及(3)了解其对日本教育改革的启示。主要成果如下：1.在英国，有Ofsted(教育标准办公室)的检查系统。为了重新评估小学和中学的检查报告，该系统将投诉程序确定为ICA(独立投诉审裁员)，以解决学校与承包商/注册检查员之间的冲突。如果ICA的决定不能令学校满意，校长可以向国会的申诉专员提出上诉。2.在英国教育改革中，上诉制度建立在许多领域。我尝试了如何建立这个体系，如何进行评估，特别是在英国的高等教育机构。根据2004年《高等教育法》，OIA(高等教育独立审判员办公室)的成立和运作是为了处理包括考试在内的许多领域的上诉和投诉。在问责期间，这些可能表明保护被评估学生的改革以及以消费者为导向的改革的趋势。

The purposes of this research project is (1) to clarify the system and function of the complaints procedure against the external evaluation to educational institutions in primary, secondary and higher education system in the UK, (2) to clarify the history to establish the complaints system, and (3) to get their insights for educational reform in the Japan. Main results are below:1.In the UK, there is the inspection system by the OFSTED (Office for Standards in Education). And to reevaluate the inspection reports for primary and secondary schools, the system has the complaints procedure identified as ICA (Independent Complaints Adjudicator) which resolves the conflicts between schools and contractors/ registered inspectors. And if the decision by the ICA can't be satisfied with schools, head teachers can appeal to the ombudsman in the Congress.2.In the UK educational reform, the appeal system is established so many field. I tried how to make the system and how to evaluate, especially in England higher education institutions. Under 2004 Higher Education Act, the OIA (The Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education is founded and operated to treat the appeals and complaints in many field including examination.In the periods of accountability, these may indicate the reforms to protect students who are evaluated as well as the trends to the consumer oriented reform.