Carbides of Group 4 and 5 Metals as Functional Materials for Hydrogen Energy

作为氢能功能材料的第4族和第5族金属碳化物

• 批准号: 17560613
• 负责人: HATANO Yuji
• 金额: $ 2.05万
• 依托单位: University of Toyama
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17560613/
• 关键词: Hydrogen; Ceramics; Carbide; Group 4 metals; Group 5 metals; Permeation; Solubility; Diffusion coefficient; 窒化物; チタン; ジルコニウム

Carbides of group 4 and 5 metals have unique physical and chemical properties such as refractoriness, extreme hardness and high chemical stability. Hence, systematic studies on the interactions between these carbides and hydrogen isotopes may lead to the development of new functional materials for handling of hydrogen isotopes. From these viewpoints, hydrogen absorption, desorption, diffusion and permeation were examined for these carbides in the present study.Hydrogen absorption and desorption by powder specimens of TiC and ZrC were examined in the range of temperature 773 to 973 K and H_2 pressure 1 Pa to 50 kPa. Reversible hydrogen absorption-desorption was observed for these carbides, although TiN and ZrN having the same crystal structure as carbides did not react with hydrogen. Such significant difference between carbides and nitrides was ascribed to the presence of carbon vacancy in the former. The equilibrium hydrogen concentration was 0.1-1 mol% in TiC and 0.01 - 0.1 mol% in ZrC under the present conditions; the solubility of hydrogen in the carbides showed much weaker dependence on H_2 pressure than that expected from Sieverts' law. The diffusivity of hydrogen in TiC was also evaluated.The hydrogen permeation through the carbides of group 5 metals was investigated at 573 - 773 K by examining the hydrogen absorption by sheet type specimens of group 5 metals with carbides layers. The thickness of carbide layers ranged 100 nm to several μm. Rapid hydrogen absorption was observed if Pd coating was prepared on the specimen surfaces over the carbide layers, although the absorption rate without Pd coating was significantly smaller. These observations indicated that the carbides of group 5 metals have rather high permeability for hydrogen, although their surfaces are sensitive to poisoning effects by impurities in hydrogen gas such as water vapor.

第4族和第5族金属的碳化物具有独特的物理和化学性能，例如耐火度、极高的硬度和高化学稳定性。因此，对这些碳化物和氢同位素之间相互作用的系统研究可能会导致开发用于处理氢同位素的新功能材料。从这些角度出发,本研究对这些碳化物的吸氢、放氢、扩散和渗透进行了研究。在温度773~973 K、H_2压力1 Pa~50 kPa的范围内,研究了TiC和ZrC粉末样品的吸氢和放氢情况。尽管与碳化物具有相同晶体结构的TiN和ZrN不与氢反应，但对于这些碳化物观察到可逆的氢吸附-脱附。碳化物和氮化物之间如此显着的差异归因于前者中碳空位的存在。在当前条件下，TiC中的平衡氢浓度为0.1-1mol%，ZrC中的平衡氢浓度为0.01-0.1mol%；氢在碳化物中的溶解度对H_2压力的依赖性比Sieverts定律所预期的要弱得多。还评估了 TiC 中氢的扩散率。通过检查具有碳化物层的第 5 族金属片状样品的氢吸收，研究了在 573 - 773 K 下氢通过第 5 族金属碳化物的渗透情况。碳化物层的厚度为100 nm至数μm。如果在碳化物层上的样品表面制备钯涂层，则观察到快速的氢吸收，尽管没有钯涂层的吸收率明显较小。这些观察结果表明，第5族金属的碳化物对氢具有相当高的渗透性，尽管它们的表面对氢气中的杂质（例如水蒸气）的中毒作用很敏​​感。

项目成果

Diffusion of Hydrogen in TiC

氢在 TiC 中的扩散

• 期刊: Annual Report of Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, University of Toyama (印刷中)
• 作者: Y.Hatano;T.Nozaki;H.Homma;M.Matsuyama
• 通讯作者: M.Matsuyama

Improvement in High Temperature Stability of Pd Coating on Nb by Intermediate Layer Comprising NbC and Nb_2C

NbC和Nb_2C中间层提高Nb上Pd涂层的高温稳定性

• 期刊: Journal of Alloys and Compounds (印刷中)
• 作者: Y.Hatano;K.Ishiyama;H.Homma;K.Watanabe
• 通讯作者: K.Watanabe

Improvement of high temperature stability of Pd coating on Nb by intermediate layer comprising NbC and Nb2C

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.01.101
• 发表时间: 2007-10
• 期刊: Journal of Alloys and Compounds
• 影响因子: 6.2
• 作者: Y. Hatano;Keita Ishiyama;H. Homma;Kuniaki Watanabe

Improvement in high temperature stability of Pd coating on Nb by Nb2C intermediate layer

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.114
• 发表时间: 2007-04
• 期刊: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: Y. Hatano;Keita Ishiyama;H. Homma;Kuniaki Watanabe