Carbides of Group 4 and 5 Metals as Functional Materials for Hydrogen Energy

作为氢能功能材料的第4族和第5族金属碳化物

• 批准号: 17560613
• 负责人: HATANO Yuji
• 金额: $ 2.05万
• 依托单位: University of Toyama
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17560613/
• 关键词: Hydrogen; Ceramics; Carbide; Group 4 metals; Group 5 metals; Permeation; Solubility; Diffusion coefficient; 窒化物; チタン; ジルコニウム

Carbides of group 4 and 5 metals have unique physical and chemical properties such as refractoriness, extreme hardness and high chemical stability. Hence, systematic studies on the interactions between these carbides and hydrogen isotopes may lead to the development of new functional materials for handling of hydrogen isotopes. From these viewpoints, hydrogen absorption, desorption, diffusion and permeation were examined for these carbides in the present study.Hydrogen absorption and desorption by powder specimens of TiC and ZrC were examined in the range of temperature 773 to 973 K and H_2 pressure 1 Pa to 50 kPa. Reversible hydrogen absorption-desorption was observed for these carbides, although TiN and ZrN having the same crystal structure as carbides did not react with hydrogen. Such significant difference between carbides and nitrides was ascribed to the presence of carbon vacancy in the former. The equilibrium hydrogen concentration was 0.1-1 mol% in TiC and 0.01 - 0.1 mol% in ZrC under the present conditions; the solubility of hydrogen in the carbides showed much weaker dependence on H_2 pressure than that expected from Sieverts' law. The diffusivity of hydrogen in TiC was also evaluated.The hydrogen permeation through the carbides of group 5 metals was investigated at 573 - 773 K by examining the hydrogen absorption by sheet type specimens of group 5 metals with carbides layers. The thickness of carbide layers ranged 100 nm to several μm. Rapid hydrogen absorption was observed if Pd coating was prepared on the specimen surfaces over the carbide layers, although the absorption rate without Pd coating was significantly smaller. These observations indicated that the carbides of group 5 metals have rather high permeability for hydrogen, although their surfaces are sensitive to poisoning effects by impurities in hydrogen gas such as water vapor.

第4族和第5族金属的碳化物具有独特的物理和化学性质，如耐火性、极高的硬度和高的化学稳定性。因此，对这些碳化物和氢同位素之间的相互作用的系统研究可能导致用于处理氢同位素的新功能材料的开发。从这些观点出发，研究了TiC和ZrC粉末试样在773 ~ 973 K温度和1 ~ 50 kPa氢气压力范围内的吸放氢行为。观察到这些碳化物的可逆的氢吸收-解吸，虽然TiN和ZrN具有相同的晶体结构的碳化物不与氢反应。碳化物和氮化物之间的这种显著差异归因于前者中碳空位的存在。在本实验条件下，氢在TiC和ZrC中的平衡浓度分别为0.1 ~ 1mol%和0.01 ~ 0.1mol%，氢在碳化物中的溶解度对H_2压力的依赖性远小于Sieverts定律。在573 ~ 773 K温度范围内，通过对具有碳化物层的第五族金属片状试样的吸氢行为的研究，研究了氢在第五族金属碳化物中的渗透行为。碳化物层的厚度在100 nm到几μm之间。如果在碳化物层上的试样表面上制备Pd涂层，则观察到快速的氢吸收，尽管没有Pd涂层的吸收速率显著较小。这些观察结果表明，第5族金属的碳化物具有相当高的氢渗透性，尽管它们的表面对氢气中的杂质如水蒸气的中毒效应敏感。

项目成果

Diffusion of Hydrogen in TiC

氢在 TiC 中的扩散

• 期刊: Annual Report of Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, University of Toyama (印刷中)
• 作者: Y.Hatano;T.Nozaki;H.Homma;M.Matsuyama
• 通讯作者: M.Matsuyama

Improvement in High Temperature Stability of Pd Coating on Nb by Intermediate Layer Comprising NbC and Nb_2C

NbC和Nb_2C中间层提高Nb上Pd涂层的高温稳定性

• 期刊: Journal of Alloys and Compounds (印刷中)
• 作者: Y.Hatano;K.Ishiyama;H.Homma;K.Watanabe
• 通讯作者: K.Watanabe

Improvement of high temperature stability of Pd coating on Nb by intermediate layer comprising NbC and Nb2C

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.01.101
• 发表时间: 2007-10
• 期刊: Journal of Alloys and Compounds
• 影响因子: 6.2
• 作者: Y. Hatano;Keita Ishiyama;H. Homma;Kuniaki Watanabe

Improvement in high temperature stability of Pd coating on Nb by Nb2C intermediate layer

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.114
• 发表时间: 2007-04
• 期刊: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: Y. Hatano;Keita Ishiyama;H. Homma;Kuniaki Watanabe