Investigation of ice particle and cloud drop residues using the counterflow virtual impactor technique onboard HALO (HALO-CVI)

作为云凝结和冰核的大气粒子子集(CCN和IN)决定了气溶胶间接效应，这是预测未来气候的最大不确定性之一。尤其是人为粒子对液态云、混相云和冰川云微物理性质的影响，进而对其辐射性质和降水行为的影响更是鲜为人知。将CCN和IN作为飞机上不同云类型的水滴和冰粒的残留物进行识别，将有助于我们对这些问题的理解。在Halo SPP的第一阶段内，已经开发了一个进气系统，对液体和冷冻的水流星进行采样，并释放所含残留物进行分析，称为Halo-CVI。现在，建议将这个入口板上的Halo作为三个云任务ML-Cirrus、ACRIDICON和NARVAL指定的科学有效载荷的一部分。作为这些飞行任务的仪器，Halo-CVI将有助于调查气溶胶粒子对航空改装和自然卷云、热带外深对流云系和信风积云的形成和演变的影响。此外，还提出了用于混合相云中IN分析的液滴预分离CVI的概念研究，以此作为HALO优先计划第二阶段之后的新进气口开发的起点。

The subset of atmospheric particles which serve as cloud condensation and ice nuclei (CCN and IN) determine the aerosol indirect effect, which has one of the largest uncertainties in predicting future climate. Especially the influence of anthropogenic particles on microphysical properties of liquid, mixed-phase and glaciated clouds and thus on their radiative properties and precipitation behavior is hardly known. The identification of CCN and IN measured as residues of drops and ice particles of different cloud types from aircraft will improve our understanding of these issues. An inlet system sampling liquid and frozen hydrometeors and releasing the contained residues for analysis, called HALO-CVI, has been developed within the first phase of the HALO SPP. Now, it is proposed to apply this inlet onboard HALO as part of the designated scientific payload of the three cloud missions ML-CIRRUS, ACRIDICON and NARVAL. As instrument of these missions, the HALO-CVI would contribute to investigate the influence of aerosol particles on the formation and evolution of aviation modified and natural cirrus, extra-tropical deep convective cloud systems and trade wind cumuli. Furthermore, concept studies of a drop pre-segregating CVI dedicated for IN analysis in mixed-phase clouds are proposed as a starting point for a new inlet development beyond the second phase of the HALO priority program.