Efficient Extraction of Exergy from Hydrocarbon Fuels

化石燃料在一般情况下占有，具有相当高的能量（可用能量），相当于化学能量的热值高达95%，但它们通常会直接导致在燃烧过程中产生一个大的能量损失。这是一个建议，通过燃烧过程可以大幅度地减少燃烧过程，通过引入一种从氢碳燃料中的改革过程到燃烧前的氢碳燃料，因为氢碳燃烧中的能量损失比任何其他氢碳燃料都要小得多。在这个标准上，甲醇具有非常低的质量或低温度的热能的优越性，与此相应，可以作为热源和储存在氢的化学能中的氢。在另一个术语中，甲醇是一种关键材料，可以用能量再生来实现新的能量系统。本研究组的A01，由10名成员组成，针对从氢碳燃料中提取有效能量的密集研究，对甲基到甲基醇的直接转化进行直接转化，并将其与等离子体化学反应、催化反应和其他新近提出的工艺进行研究。the subgroup of plasma chemical reactions has succeeded in a direct synthesis of methanol from CH_D24_热等离子体技术。催化反应子组已经开发了用于甲醇合成的新催化剂系统的各种类型。基本的化学动力学方法也被证明是为了澄清机制而进行的。此外，各种新的工艺已经开发出来，不仅是用于甲醇合成，但也是用于热、电和化学产品的同样生成的。

Fossil fuels possess, in general, a very high exergy (available energy) up to 95% of heat value as chemical energy, but they are usually burnt directly to form thermal energy with a large exergy loss in the combustion process. It is proposed that the exergy loss through the combustion process could be largely reduced by introducing a reforming process from hydrocarbon fuels to hydrogen before combustion, because the exergy loss in the hydrogen combustion is much smaller than that of any other hydrocarbon fuel. On this standpoint, methanol has an outstanding advantage that very low quality or low temperature thermal energies corresponding to 100℃ can be used as heat source and stored in hydrogen as chemical energy. In other words, methanol is a key material to realize a new energy system with exergy regeneration. This research group of A01, consisting of 10 members, aims at an intensive study of an efficient exergy extraction from hydrocarbon fuels, focussing on a direct conversion of methane to methanol with a minimum required energy using plasma chemical reactions, catalytic reactions and other newly proposed processes.In the four years of research period, the subgroup of plasma chemical reactions has succeeded in a direct synthesis of methanol from CHィイD24ィエD2/OィイD22ィエD2 or CHィイD24ィエD2/HィイD22ィエD2O by use of a newly developed various non-thermal plasma technologies. The subgroup of catalytic reactions has developed various types of new catalyst systems for a methanol synthesis. Fundamental chemical kinetic approaches have been also performed to clarify the mechanisms. Further, various new processes have been developed not only for methanol synthesis but also for simultaneous generation of heat, electricity and chemical products.