Efficient Extraction of Exergy from Hydrocarbon Fuels

从碳氢化合物燃料中有效提取火用

• 批准号: 06246103
• 负责人: OKAZAKI Ken
• 金额: $ 82.75万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06246103/
• 关键词: Hydocarbon Huels; Plasma Chemical Reaction; Catalytic Reaction; Exergy; Methanol Synthesis; Efficient Use of Energy; Reaction Kinetics; Radical Reactions; エネルギーシステム; ラジカル計測

Fossil fuels possess, in general, a very high exergy (available energy) up to 95% of heat value as chemical energy, but they are usually burnt directly to form thermal energy with a large exergy loss in the combustion process. It is proposed that the exergy loss through the combustion process could be largely reduced by introducing a reforming process from hydrocarbon fuels to hydrogen before combustion, because the exergy loss in the hydrogen combustion is much smaller than that of any other hydrocarbon fuel. On this standpoint, methanol has an outstanding advantage that very low quality or low temperature thermal energies corresponding to 100℃ can be used as heat source and stored in hydrogen as chemical energy. In other words, methanol is a key material to realize a new energy system with exergy regeneration. This research group of A01, consisting of 10 members, aims at an intensive study of an efficient exergy extraction from hydrocarbon fuels, focussing on a direct conversion of methane to methanol with a minimum required energy using plasma chemical reactions, catalytic reactions and other newly proposed processes.In the four years of research period, the subgroup of plasma chemical reactions has succeeded in a direct synthesis of methanol from CHィイD24ィエD2/OィイD22ィエD2 or CHィイD24ィエD2/HィイD22ィエD2O by use of a newly developed various non-thermal plasma technologies. The subgroup of catalytic reactions has developed various types of new catalyst systems for a methanol synthesis. Fundamental chemical kinetic approaches have been also performed to clarify the mechanisms. Further, various new processes have been developed not only for methanol synthesis but also for simultaneous generation of heat, electricity and chemical products.

化石燃料通常具有高达95%热值的化学能的非常高的火用（可用能），但是它们通常直接燃烧以形成热能，在燃烧过程中具有大的火用损失。由于氢气燃烧过程中的火用损失远小于其它烃类燃料的火用损失，因此在燃烧前引入烃类燃料转化为氢气的转化过程可以大大降低燃烧过程中的火用损失。从这个角度来看，甲醇具有突出的优点，即对应于100℃的非常低质量或低温的热能可以用作热源并作为化学能储存在氢气中。也就是说，甲醇是实现新能源系统火用再生的关键原料。A01研究组由10名成员组成，旨在深入研究碳氢燃料的有效（火用）提取，重点是利用等离子体化学反应、催化反应和其他新提出的工艺，以最小的能量将甲烷直接转化为甲醇。在四年的研究期间，等离子体化学反应的亚组已经成功地通过使用新开发的各种非-热等离子体技术催化反应亚组已经开发了各种类型的用于甲醇合成的新催化剂体系。基本的化学动力学方法也已进行澄清的机制。此外，已经开发了各种新方法，不仅用于甲醇合成，而且用于同时产生热、电和化学产品。