Variations of Stratospheric Ozone and General Circulation of the Atmosphere

臭氧空洞出现于20世纪70年代末的南极平流层下层，并在每年春季早期发展。此外，近年来早春在北极上空观测到大量臭氧消耗。因此，我们利用大气环流模式研究了大气环流和气候的年际变化及其与极地平流层臭氧损失的关系。由此产生的平流层大气环流年际变率比没有极地臭氧损失的实验年际变率大，这与极地臭氧变化引起的紫外线加热变化密切相关。年际变化的空间格局表现为北极和中纬度平流层之间的环形跷跷板，这种跷跷板进一步向下延伸到对流层。在南半球，即使在没有极地臭氧损失的实验中，较强的极夜喷流的年际变化也引起了类似的变化模式。上述环状型的表面部分称为北极涛动（AO）。我们根据50多年来的数据分析，审查了粮农组织的现实情况。结果表明，北大西洋涛动（NAO）和太平洋/北美涛动（PNA）两种模式几乎是相互独立的。因此，AO似乎是一种明显的模式。在平流层观测到的环状模式只与近地面的NAO有关。总之，我们揭示了平流层中大量的臭氧消耗可能引起整个平流层和对流层的环流变化。我们必须进一步研究臭氧耗竭的未来演变及其对大气环流变化的影响。

The ozone hole appeared at the end of the 1970s in the Antarctic lower stratosphere and has developed early each austral spring. In addition, large ozone depletion has been observed over the Arctic during early spring in recent years. Hence, we have investigated interannual variations of the general circulation as well as climate and their relationship with polar stratospheric ozone losses by using a general circulation model.The resultant interannual variability of the general circulation in the stratosphere becomes larger than that in an experiment without polar ozone losses, which is intimately connected with the change of UV heating due to the polar stratospheric ozone change. The spatial pattern of the interannual variation shows a annular seesaw between the Arctic and mid-latitudes in the stratosphere, which furthermore extends down to the troposphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, the interannual change of stronger polar night jets causes a similar variation pattern even in the experiment without polar ozone losses.The surface portion of the above annular pattern is called to the Arctic Oscillation (AO). We have examined the reality of the AO on the basis of data analyzes over 50 years. Results show that the AO consists of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern which are almost independent each other. Therefore, the AO seems to be an apparent pattern. It is also found that the annular pattern observed in the stratosphere is connected only with the NAO near the surface.To conclude, we have revealed that the large ozone depletion in the stratosphere could induce general circulation changes throughout the stratosphere and troposphere. We must further investigate future evolution of the ozone depletion and its influence on general circulation changes.