Molecular mechanism of viral pathogenicity and of viral mutplisation.

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HC-Pro gene of clover yellow vein virus was proven to play a crucial role in inducing necrosis in legume plants. Using an infectious cDNA to the virus, many mutants were generated and inoculated to plants. And several point mutations were identified controlling necrosis induction.We analyzed the functions of the 2b proteins of cucumoviruses in the viral symptom induction. The 2b protein of Tomato aspermy virus was found to be involved in the systemic movement in tobacco. The 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus soybean strain induces seed coat mottling of soybean by suppressing RNA silencing of the chalcone synthase genes.The Arabidopsis CUM1 and CUM2 genes were cloned that are involved in cucumber mosaic virus multiplication. An in vitro assay system for the Tm-1 activity in tomato that inhibits the tomato mosaic virus RNA replication was also established.To analyze movement and adaptation mechanisms of bromoviruses, functional domains of the movement protein (MP) and coat protein of Brome mosaic virus (BMV) were mapped and a BMV MP-interacting host plant protein was identified and shown to be involved in cell-to-cell movement of BMV.