Role of the cortico-basal ganglia system in action and cognition

我们发现，纹状体中的神经元活动代表了动作选项的奖赏价值以及与奖赏价值相关的动作。在丘脑板内核，CM核，我们展示了在非预期动作的要求下的特定神经元激活，而受试者被预期的更高价值的动作。结果表明，CM核参与了长期目标的次佳解决方案。此外，我们发现，中脑多巴胺神经元编码长期奖赏价值及其预期误差，这可能在通过多步行动实现长期目标方面发挥关键作用。

We showed that neuronal activity in the striatum represents reward value of action options and actions associated with reward values. In the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus, CM nucleus, we demonstrated specific neuronal activation at the request of unanticipated action while the subjects were anticipated higher-value action. The results suggested involvement of the CM nucleus in second-best solution for long-term goal. Furthermore, we found that midbrain dopamine neurons encode long-term reward value and its expectation error, which may play a critical role in achieving long-term goal through multi-step actions.