Quantum physical properties in Two-Dimensional Helium

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We have established the low-temperature quantum phase diagram of monolayer helium-three adsorbed on graphite, a model system for highly correlated fermions in two-dimensions, by carrying out heat-capacity and nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements down to 0.1mK. The phase diagram involves many novel quantum phases or phenomena including the gas-liquid transition at low densities, the spin fluctuation effects in the Fermi liquid phase, a possible zero-point vacancy phase at densities in between the Fermi liquid and the low-density commensurate phases, the gapless spin-liquid magnetism in the low-density commensurate phase, and the frustrated ferromagnetism in the high-density incommensurate phase. We have also found theoretically the possibility of spin-mass separation in the zero-point vacancy phase even in two-dimensions.