Synthesizing android and cognitive brain-scientific understanding of embodiment and sociality

要构建具有高度亲和力的智能信息系统的设计方法论，必须理解人的认知和行为的基本原理，即具身性和社会性。本研究采用了三种方法：(1)基于类人机器人的行为/学习实验；(2)基于大脑活动测量的认知神经科学实验；(3)基于具有完美人形外观的新型机器人“androids”的人机交互实验。通过这些实验，从机器人、人、观察者三个角度揭示了人类认知的具身性、社会性等原理。实验结果如下：1；基于实施例的动作生成/识别原理：利用成人大小的人形机器人，在世界上首次实现了动态的“滚升”动作。这揭示了化身对自主行为的影响。同样的原则也显示在……对行动识别更有效。完美人形机器人的开发及其在互动实验中的应用：为了研究人类社会互动的一个基本因素，即外貌效应，我们开发了完美人形机器人并向公众展示。此外，还开发了用于实现互动对话的自然身体动作的方法。交互的原理和模型：在涉及人类、机器人、非人形机器人或简单机器的对话情境中，对人类受试者进行了脑活动测量、注视时间测量和注视测量。实验揭示了被试对不同目标的社会认知和态度是如何变化和发展的。构建了一个集自主具身行为和基本社会性即模仿能力于一体的学习计算模型。上述成果在国际出版物和会议上得到了突出的国际评价。此外，部分成果已在电视报道和报纸上进行了专题报道，引起了公众的广泛兴趣。少

In order to construct a design methodology for intelligent information systems with high affinity to humans, it is crucial to understand the basic principles of human cognition and behavior, that are, embodiment and sociality.In this research, three methods are used: (1) behavior/learning experiments using humanoid robots: (2) cognitive neuroscience based on brain activity measurements: and (3) experiments on human-robot interaction using " androids", new type of robots with perfectly human-like appearance. Through these experiments, the principles of human cognition such as embodiment and sociality are revealed from the three view points: robot, human, and the observer. The following results are obtained:1. Principles of action generation/recognition based on embodiment: Using an adult-size humanoid robot, the dynamic " roll-and-rise" action was realized for the first time in the world. This revealed the effect of embodiment on autonomous behavior. The same principles are also shown t … More o be in effect for action recognition.2. Development of androids with perfectly human-like outlook and their application to interaction experiments: In order to investigate a fundamental factor of human social interaction, namely the effect of outlook, androids with perfectly human-like outlook have been developed and demonstrated to the public. Furthermore, methodologies for realizing natural bodily movements for interactive dialogues have been developed.3. Principles and models of interaction: Brain activity measurements, looking time measurements and gaze measurements have been carried out on human subjects in dialogue situations involving either of human, android, non-humanoid robot, or simple machine. The experiments revealed how social cognition and attitude of the subjects change and develop for different targets. Also, a learning computational model which integrates autonomous embodied behavior and basic sociality, that is, imitation capability, was constructed.The above achievements have received outstanding international evaluation for the international publications and conference presentations. Furthermore, parts of the achievements have been featured in TV reports and newspapers, widely provoking interests from the public. Less