Smart Microgel-Based Membranes for Enhanced Catalysis and Electrochemical Cells - From Understanding Structure to Custom-Designed Devices.

用于增强催化和电化学电池的智能微凝胶膜 - 从了解结构到定制设计的设备。

• 批准号: 505656154
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thomas Hellweg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (UMR 5221 CNRS-UM2)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/505656154?language=en
• 关键词: Smart; Microgel; Based; Membranes; Enhanced

Catalysis, energy storage and conversion are at present of paramount societal relevance. Unfortunately, electrochemical potentials are basically known since one century and cannot be significantly enhanced. Therefore, the possibility to increase storage capacity and current flux is only possible by minimizing cells. This involves the development of smart membranes having thicknesses in the nanoscale. Moreover, such membranes should have smart properties allowing to control ion flux by external stimuli and having intrinsic safety properties e.g. self regulation of ion flux (current) upon overheating. Similar aspects apply to catalysis by nanoparticles (NP), which is highly effective due to NPs great specific surface. Anyhow, activity of NPs is difficult to control and the bare particles are difficult to separate from the product. In both contexts of smart membranes, the German partner has recently developed a way to cross-link microgels into macroscopic free-standing membranes which were found to exhibit resistance controlled by temperature. The microgels are made by copolymerisation of classical acrylamides and of photo- or electron beam-crosslinkable comonomers. However, at present many details of the local structure of these microgels are unknown, in particular how the comonomers (resp. nanoparticles) are spatially distributed, and how their distribution influences mechanical, resistive, or catalytic membrane properties. In a previous joint French-German project the Montpellier and the Bielefeld group have developed the tools which allow the determination of the structure of such copolymer microgels in detail by neutron scattering methods, based on isotopic substitution and computer simulations. The present project aims at exploiting and extending this knowledge to establish structure-property relations for smart microgel membranes. We will apply combinations of scattering, simulations, and imaging methods to specially-designed microgel particles containing different comonomers and catalytically-active nanoparticles in view of the formation of freestanding and crosslinked films. Then a similar analysis will be performed after film formation, and correlated with transport (resp. catalytic) properties. Based on this the partners will construct either first smart electrochemical devices, or proof-of-principle flow-through reactors with controllable catalytic activity.

目前，催化，能源存储和转化率是社会相关性的。不幸的是，自1世纪以来，电化学潜力基本上是众所周知的，并且不能显着增强。因此，只有通过最小化细胞才能增加存储能力和电流通量的可能性。这涉及在纳米级具有厚度的智能膜的发展。此外，此类膜应具有智能特性，可以通过外部刺激来控制离子通量并具有内在的安全性能，例如离子通量（电流）过热时的自我调节。类似的方面适用于纳米颗粒（NP）的催化，由于NP的特异性表面非常有效。无论如何，NP的活性很难控制，裸粒子很难与产品分离。在智能膜的这两种情况下，德国合作伙伴最近都开发了一种将微凝胶交联的方法，使其进入宏观独立式膜，发现这些膜表现出受温度控制的电阻。微凝胶是通过经典的丙烯酰胺以及光束或电子跨链接共聚物共聚的。然而，目前，这些微凝胶的局部结构的许多细节尚不清楚，特别是共同体（纳米颗粒）如何在空间分布中，以及它们的分布如何影响机械，电阻或催化膜性能。在先前的法国 - 德国联合项目中，蒙彼利埃和比尔菲尔德组开发了工具，该工具允许基于同位素替代和计算机模拟的中子散射方法详细确定此类共聚物微凝胶的结构。本项目旨在利用和扩展这些知识，以建立智能微凝胶膜的结构 - 特性关系。我们将在包含不同共同体和催化活性的纳米颗粒的特殊设计的微凝胶颗粒上应用散射，模拟和成像方法的组合，从而形成了自由主义和交联膜。然后，将在膜形成后进行类似的分析，并与传输（分别催化）特性相关。基于此，合作伙伴将构建第一个智能电化学设备，或具有可控催化活性的原始流动反应器。