Communication, Conflicts and Order in Medieval and Early Modern Europe

来自欧洲的23位学者和一些合作者从比较的角度研究了中世纪晚期和近代早期欧洲帝国、王国、公国、城市和城邦、地方社区和教会组织的各种交流过程，重点是冲突和冲突解决。这些研究几乎覆盖了欧洲所有的地区，并阐明了这种沟通过程与相关政治和社区的整合和秩序有关。本研究项目中的沟通概念指的是各种互动行为，如谈判和解、在君主宫廷中达成共识的仪式和象征性表演以及在城市公共空间中建立集体身份。

23 scholars and some collaborators from Europe studied the various communication process in empire, kingdoms, principalities, cities and city states, local communities, and ecclesiastical organization in late medieval and early modern Europe from comparative viewpoint, focusing on conflicts and conflict resolutions. These studies covered almost all the parts of Europe, and clarified that such communication process was correlated with the integration and order of the concerned polities and communities.The conception of communication in this research project refers to various interactive behavior, such as negotiation for settlement, ritual and symbolic performance for making consensus in the court of princes and building collective identity in the public space of the city.