Fundamental Basis for New Methods of Separation and Analysis Based on the Control of Electrical Potential at Ionic Liquid| Solution Interface

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Based on the phase-boundary potential across the ionic liquid-water interface, a number of ionic liquids have been designed and synthesized. Super-hydrophobic ionic liquids at room temperature and moderately hydrophobic ionic liquids that are suitable for extraction and salt bridge were obtained. By use of these ionic liquids, ion extraction systems and ion detection systems have been realized. Unique properties intrinsic to ionic liquids, such as, layering in electrical double layer, its ultraslow relaxation, and unusual mass transfer, have been elucidated. Ionic liquid salt bridge enables accurate determination of pH and other single ion activities.