Therapeutisation of the Penal System in West Germany, 1961-1985: The Case of North Rhine-Westphalia

西德刑罚制度的治疗化，1961-1985 年：北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的案例

• 批准号: 508783012
• 负责人: Dr. Marcel Streng
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/508783012?language=en
• 关键词: Therapeutisation; Penal; System; West; Germany

When the prison system is currently discussed in the media, it is often from contradictory perspectives. On the one hand, the prison system is criticised for not being secure enough, for example when a prisoner who is considered particularly dangerous manages to escape. On the other hand, the prison system is criticised just as harshly when a prisoner commits suicide because it did not provide him with the therapeutic help necessary for his social rehabilitation. Increased security and therapeutic help seem to mutually exclude each other. The project examines such problematisations of the penal system from a historical perspective. The project is based on the assumption that the prison system – just like other areas of contemporary society at the same time - was caught up in a process of therapeuticisation that considerably changed social relations and self-relations in the field. Since prison policy was a matter for the states, using the case of the justice administration of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. the project aims to show how socio- and psychotherapeutic knowledge spread in the prisons and their administration, which treatment practices fell in line and what the consequences were. The aim of the project is, on the one hand, on the one hand, to historicise reform policy measures in the penal system and the narratives of their ›success‹ or ›failure‹, and on the other hand, to relate prison-specific developments to the context of the »therapeutisation of the social« in West Germany, Western Europe and the USA since the mid-1960s. The research project hs four goals. First, it will contribute to the history of the prison system in West Germany after 1945. Unlike in the case of psychiatry and children’s homes in West Germany, or political imprisonment in the former GDR, research in contemporary history oft the prison is still in its infancy. Second, the study sheds light on the still highly controversial problem of how offenders are and should be dealt with in closed institutions from a contemporary historical perspective. This concerns the extensive range of (psycho)therapeutic procedures and social assistance, but also the treatment of those inmate who refuse to collaborate. Thirdly, the study contributes to the history of the »therapeutisation of the social« since the end of the 1960s, i.e. especially the establishment and expansion of psy-scientific expert services and the penetration of psychological knowledge, therapeutic procedures and counselling techniques into the prison system. Fourthly, from the perspective of medical history, the discussion about »de-medicalisation« is historicised, since it is about the takeover and change of forensic psychiatric tasks by psychologists, therapists and social workers in the penal system in the 1970s.

目前，当媒体讨论监狱制度时，往往是从相互矛盾的角度。一方面，监狱系统被批评为不够安全，例如，当一名被认为特别危险的囚犯设法逃跑时。另一方面，当囚犯自杀时，监狱系统也会受到同样严厉的批评，因为它没有为他的社会康复提供必要的治疗帮助。加强安全和治疗帮助似乎是相互排斥的。该项目从历史的角度审查了刑罚制度的这种问题。该项目基于这样一种假设，即监狱系统--就像当代社会的其他领域一样--被卷入了一个治疗过程，极大地改变了这一领域的社会关系和自我关系。因为监狱政策是各州的事情，使用北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚州司法管理的案例。该项目旨在展示社会和心理治疗知识如何在监狱和监狱管理中传播，哪些治疗做法是一致的，以及后果是什么。该项目的目的一方面是将刑罚制度中的改革政策措施及其“成功”或“失败”的叙述载入史册，另一方面，将监狱的具体发展与自1960年代中期以来在西德、西欧和美国开展的社会改革“疗法”的背景相联系。这项研究项目有四个目标。首先，它将为1945年后西德监狱制度的历史做出贡献。与西德的精神病学和儿童之家或前民主德国的政治监禁不同，对监狱当代史的研究仍处于初级阶段。其次，从当代历史的角度来看，这项研究揭示了仍然极具争议性的问题，即如何以及应该在封闭的机构中处理罪犯。这涉及到广泛的(心理)治疗程序和社会援助，但也涉及那些拒绝合作的囚犯的待遇。第三，这项研究有助于回顾自1960年代末以来的“社会心理治疗”的历史，特别是心理科学专家服务的建立和扩大，以及心理学知识、治疗程序和咨询技术在监狱系统中的渗透。第四，从医学史的角度来看，关于非医疗化的讨论是历史性的，因为它是关于心理学家、治疗师和社会工作者在1970年代接管和改变刑罚系统中的法医精神病学任务。