Biodiversity Exploratories as Biocultural Landscapes: Past, Present and Future

生物文化多样性是指地球上生命的生物和文化多样性。在农业景观中，生物文化多样性在人类塑造景观的方式以及景观如何塑造人类文化方面是显而易见的。在我们提议的项目中，我们打算分析生物多样性探索区景观的生物文化多样性;三个地区覆盖德国北部、中部和西南部。这些地区有着人类与自然接触的悠久历史。通过采用将人类感知与自然和土地利用联系起来的社会生态研究方法，并根据生物多样性探索站的结构调整我们的方法，我们力求全面了解这些地区过去，现在和未来的生物文化多样性。首先，我们将通过口述历史分析当地居民的历史景观观点，以确定与每个地区独特的自然遗产有关的当地生态知识，并确定与景观有关的区域语言多样性。我们将采访每个地区的老年居民，并鼓励他们谈论他们对景观的经历和记忆。我们将列出任何与景观不同的单词或短语，并比较三个地区的差异。其次，使用照片启发的方法，我们将调查当地居民如何感知生态系统服务的梯度的土地利用强度的森林和草原的生物多样性探索区。我们还将询问人们如何使用这些不同类型的景观，以及他们的景观偏好是什么。通过这种方式，我们可以理解人们在当前景观中的“生活”生物文化体验。第三，我们将与三个区域的年轻人一起系统地探讨生物多样性的未来情景。必须了解青年人的观点，因为他们是这些生物文化景观的未来社区。在每个地区，我们将与16-24岁的参与者举办研讨会，在研讨会上，我们将制定与区域生物多样性相关的未来情景，包括生物多样性趋势的驱动因素，以及未来与自然接触的推动因素和障碍。将在三个区域之间对这些设想进行比较。第四，我们将通过专家研讨会综合欧洲农业景观生物文化多样性的趋势。基于以上三个研究包中的证据，以及欧洲生物文化多样性和高自然价值农业专家的案例研究，我们将讨论生物文化透镜如何帮助保护欧洲农业景观中的生物和文化遗产。这将是一个加强科学网络的机会，并介绍生物多样性探索中心如何在欧洲中心进行丰富的生物文化调查。

Biocultural diversity refers to the biological and cultural diversity of life on earth. In farming landscapes, biocultural diversity is evident in the ways that humans have shaped the landscape, and how the landscape has shaped human culture. In our proposed project, we intend to analyse the biocultural diversity of the Biodiversity Exploratories landscapes; three regions covering north, central and south-west Germany. These regions have long histories of human engagement with nature. By employing social-ecological research methods that tie human perception to nature and land-use, and tailoring our approach to the structure of the Biodiversity Exploratories, we seek to build a comprehensive picture of past, present and future biocultural diversity across these regions. First, we will analyse the historical landscape perspectives of local residents through oral histories, in order to identify local-ecological knowledge relating to the unique natural heritage of each region, and to identify regional linguistic diversity in relation to landscape. We will interview older residents of each region and encourage them to talk about their experiences and memories of the landscape. We will catalogue any words or phrases that are distinct to landscape and compare the differences across the three regions. Second, using the photo-elicitation method, we will investigate how local residents perceive ecosystem services across a gradient of land-use intensity for forests and grasslands of the Biodiversity Exploratories regions. We will also ask how people use these different types of landscape and what their landscape preferences are. In this way, we can understand people’s ‘lived’ biocultural experiences in the present landscape. Third, we will systematically explore future scenarios for biodiversity with young people in the three regions. It is important to understand young people’s perspectives given that they make up the future communities of these biocultural landscapes. In each region we will conduct workshops with participants aged 16-24, where we will develop future scenarios related to regional biodiversity, including the drivers of biodiversity trends, as well as the enablers and barriers to future engagement with nature. These scenarios will be compared among the three regions. Fourth, we will synthesize trends related to biocultural diversity in European farming landscapes by means of an expert workshop. Based on the evidence derived from the above three study packages, as well as case studies from experts on both biocultural diversity and high-nature-value farming across Europe, we will address how a biocultural lens can help safeguard biological and cultural heritage in European farming landscapes. This will be an opportunity to strengthen scientific networks and present how the Biodiversity Exploratories allows for rich biocultural investigation at the centre of Europe.